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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on August 3, 2005.
Genetics, Vol. 171, 1033-1045, November 2005, Copyright © 2005
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.045716
Multiple Genes Affect Sensitivity of Caenorhabditis elegans to the Bacterial Pathogen Microbacterium nematophilum
Maria J. Gravato-Nobre, Hannah R. Nicholas1, Reindert Nijland2, Delia O'Rourke, Deborah E. Whittington, Karen J. Yook and Jonathan Hodgkin3
Genetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
3 Corresponding author: Genetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
E-mail: jonathan.hodgkin{at}bioch.ox.ac.uk
Interactions with bacteria play a major role in immune responses, ecology, and evolution of all animals, but they have been neglected until recently in the case of C. elegans. We report a genetic investigation of the interaction of C. elegans with the nematode-specific pathogen Microbacterium nematophilum, which colonizes the rectum and causes distinctive tail swelling in its host. A total of 121 mutants with altered response to infection were isolated from selections or screens for a bacterially unswollen (Bus) phenotype, using both chemical and transposon mutagenesis. Some of these correspond to known genes, affecting either bacterial adhesion or colonization (srf-2, srf-3, srf-5) or host swelling response (sur-2, egl-5). Most mutants define 15 new genes (bus-1–bus-6, bus-8, bus-10, bus-12–bus-18). The majority of these mutants exhibit little or no rectal infection when challenged with the pathogen and are probably altered in surface properties such that the bacteria can no longer infect worms. A number have corresponding alterations in lectin staining and cuticle fragility. Most of the uninfectable mutants grow better than wild type in the presence of the pathogen, but the sur-2 mutant is hypersensitive, indicating that the tail-swelling response is associated with a specific defense mechanism against this pathogen.
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