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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on October 16, 2004.
Genetics, Vol. 171, 557-570, October 2005, Copyright © 2005
doi:10.1534/genetics.104.034686
A Genetic Linkage Map of the Mimetic Butterfly Heliconius melpomene
Chris D. Jiggins*,1,
Jesus Mavarez
,
,
Margarita Beltrán,
W. Owen McMillan
,
J. Spencer Johnston** and
Eldredge Bermingham
* Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, AA2072 Balboa, República de Panamá, The Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London NW1 2HE, United Kingdom, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3360 and ** Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
1 Corresponding author: Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Rd., University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom.
E-mail: chris.jiggins{at}ed.ac.uk
Heliconius melpomene is a mimetic butterfly that exhibits great geographic variation in color pattern. We present here a genetic linkage map based on analysis of genetic markers in 73 individuals from a single F2 family, offspring of a cross between H. m. cythera from western Ecuador and H. m. melpomene from French Guiana. A novel "three-step method" is described for the analysis of dominant markers in an F2 cross, using outbred parental strains and taking advantage of the lack of crossing over in female Lepidoptera. This method is likely to prove useful for future mapping studies in outbred species with crossing over restricted to one sex, such as the Lepidoptera and Drosophila. The resulting linkage map has 21 linkage groups corresponding to the 21 chromosomes of H. melpomene and includes 219 AFLP markers, 23 microsatellites, 19 single-copy nuclear genes, and the color pattern switch genes Yb and Sb. The marker density is high, averaging >1/7 cM. The total map length is 1616 cM and the average chromosome length is 77 cM. The genome size of H. melpomene was estimated to be 292 Mb, giving a relationship of physical-to-map distance of 180 kb/cM. This map forms the basis for future comparative linkage analysis of color pattern evolution in Heliconius.
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