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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on June 3, 2005.
Genetics, Vol. 170, 1667-1675, August 2005, Copyright © 2005
doi:10.1534/genetics.104.038901
Widespread Prevalence of Wolbachia in Laboratory Stocks and the Implications for Drosophila Research
Michael E. Clark, Cort L. Anderson, Jessica Cande and Timothy L. Karr1
Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
1 Corresponding author: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
E-mail: t.l.karr{at}bath.ac.uk
Wolbachia is an intracellular microbe harbored by a wide variety of arthropods (including Drosophila) and filarial nematodes. Employing several different strategies including male killing, induced parthenogenesis, cytoplasmic incompatibility, and feminization, and acting by as-yet-unknown mechanisms, Wolbachia alters host reproduction to increase its representation within a population. Wolbachia is closely associated with gametic incompatibility but also interacts with Drosophila in other, little understood ways. We report here significant and widespread infection of Wolbachia within laboratory stocks and its real and potential impact on Drosophila research. We describe the results of a survey indicating that 
30% of stocks currently housed at the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center are infected with Wolbachia. Cells of both reproductive tissues and numerous somatic organs harbor Wolbachia and display considerable variation in infection levels within and between both tissue types. These results are discussed from the perspective of Wolbachia's potential confounding effects on both host fitness and phenotypic analyses. In addition to this cautionary message, the infection status of stock centers may provide further opportunities to study the genetic basis of host/symbiosis.
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