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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on November 15, 2004.
Genetics, Vol. 169, 2225-2239, April 2005, Copyright © 2005
doi:10.1534/genetics.104.031195
Genetics of Species Differences in the Wild Annual Sunflowers, Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris
Christian Lexer*,1,
David M. Rosenthal
,
Olivier Raymond
,
Lisa A. Donovan and
Loren H. Rieseberg
* Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, United Kingdom
Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et Phytochimie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
1 Corresponding author: Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, United Kingdom.
E-mail: c.lexer{at}kew.org
Much of our knowledge of speciation genetics stems from quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies. However, interpretations of the size and distribution of QTL underlying species differences are complicated by differences in the way QTL magnitudes are estimated. Also, many studies fail to exploit information about QTL directions or to compare inter- and intraspecific QTL variation. Here, we comprehensively analyze an extensive QTL data set for an interspecific backcross between two wild annual sunflowers, Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris, interpret different estimates of QTL magnitudes, identify trait groups that have diverged through selection, and compare inter- and intraspecific QTL magnitudes. Our results indicate that even minor QTL (in terms of backcross variance) may be surprisingly large compared to levels of standing variation in the parental species or phenotypic differences between them. Morphological traits, particularly flower morphology, were more strongly or consistently selected than life history or physiological traits. Also, intraspecific QTL were generally smaller than interspecific ones, consistent with the prediction that larger QTL are more likely to spread to fixation across a subdivided population. Our results inform the genetics of species differences in Helianthus and suggest an approach for the simultaneous mapping of inter- and intraspecific QTL.
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