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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on October 16, 2004.
Genetics, Vol. 169, 997-1008, February 2005, Copyright © 2005
doi:10.1534/genetics.104.031997
Suppression of Histone H1 Genes in Arabidopsis Results in Heritable Developmental Defects and Stochastic Changes in DNA Methylation
Andrzej T. Wierzbicki* and
Andrzej Jerzmanowski*,
,1
* Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Warsaw University, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
1 Corresponding author: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Warsaw University, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
E-mail: andyj{at}ibb.waw.pl
Histone H1 is an abundant component of eukaryotic chromatin that is thought to stabilize higher-order chromatin structures. However, the complete knock-out of H1 genes in several lower eukaryotes has no discernible effect on their appearance or viability. In higher eukaryotes, the presence of many mutually compensating isoforms of this protein has made assessment of the global function of H1 more difficult. We have used double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) silencing to suppress all the H1 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants with a >90% reduction in H1 expression exhibited a spectrum of aberrant developmental phenotypes, some of them resembling those observed in DNA hypomethylation mutants. In subsequent generations these defects segregated independently of the anti-H1 dsRNA construct. Downregulation of H1 genes did not cause substantial genome-wide DNA hypo- or hypermethylation. However, it was correlated with minor but statistically significant changes in the methylation patterns of repetitive and single-copy sequences, occurring in a stochastic manner. These findings reveal an important and previously unrecognized link between linker histones and specific patterns of DNA methylation.
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