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Genetics, Vol. 168, 1877-1889, December 2004, Copyright © 2004
doi:10.1534/genetics.104.032656
Genetic and Biochemical Interactions Among Yar1, Ltv1 and RpS3 Define Novel Links Between Environmental Stress and Ribosome Biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Jesse W. Loar*,
Robert M. Seiser
,1,
Alexandra E. Sundberg*,
Holly J. Sagerson*,
Nasreen Ilias*,
Pamela Zobel-Thropp*,
Elizabeth A. Craig and
Deborah E. Lycan*,2
* Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, Oregon 97219
Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
2 Corresponding author: Biology Department, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd., Portland, OR 97219.
E-mail: lycan{at}lclark.edu
In the yeast S. cerevisiae, ribosome assembly is linked to environmental conditions by the coordinate transcriptional regulation of genes required for ribosome biogenesis. In this study we show that two nonessential stress-responsive genes, YAR1 and LTV1, function in 40S subunit production. We provide genetic and biochemical evidence that Yar1, a small ankyrin-repeat protein, physically interacts with RpS3, a component of the 40S subunit, and with Ltv1, a protein recently identified as a substoichiometric component of a 43S preribosomal particle. We demonstrate that cells lacking YAR1 or LTV1 are hypersensitive to particular protein synthesis inhibitors and exhibit aberrant polysome profiles, with a reduced absolute number of 40S subunits and an excess of free 60S subunits. Surprisingly, both mutants are also hypersensitive to a variety of environmental stress conditions. Overexpression of RPS3 suppresses both the stress sensitivity and the ribosome biogenesis defect of 
yar1 mutants, but does not suppress either defect in ltv1 mutants. We propose that YAR1 and LTV1 play distinct, nonessential roles in 40S subunit production. The stress-sensitive phenotypes of strains lacking these genes reveal a hitherto unknown link between ribosome biogenesis factors and environmental stress sensitivity.
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