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Genetics, Vol. 168, 651-663, October 2004, Copyright © 2004
doi:10.1534/genetics.104.034827

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Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tag Loci on Wheat Chromosome Group 4

Miftahudin*,{dagger}, K. Ross{ddagger}, X.-F. Ma*, A. A. Mahmoud*, J. Layton*, M. A. Rodriguez Milla*, T. Chikmawati*,{dagger}, J. Ramalingam*, O. Feril*, M. S. Pathan*, G. Surlan Momirovic*,§, S. Kim*, K. Chema*, P. Fang*, L. Haule*, H. Struxness*, J. Birkes*, C. Yaghoubian*, R. Skinner*, J. McAllister*, V. Nguyen*, L. L. Qi, B. Echalier, B. S. Gill, A. M. Linkiewicz&,1, J. Dubcovsky&, E. D. Akhunov&, J. Dvorák&, M. Dilbirligi**, K. S. Gill**, J. H. Peng{dagger}{dagger}, N. L. V. Lapitan{dagger}{dagger}, C. E. Bermudez-Kandianis{ddagger}{ddagger}, M. E. Sorrells{ddagger}{ddagger}, K. G. Hossain§§, V. Kalavacharla§§, S. F. Kianian§§, G. R. Lazo¶¶, S. Chao&&,2, O. D. Anderson¶¶, J. Gonzalez-Hernandez***,3, E. J. Conley***, J. A. Anderson***, D.-W. Choi{dagger}{dagger}{dagger},4, R. D. Fenton{dagger}{dagger}{dagger}, T. J. Close{dagger}{dagger}{dagger}, P. E. McGuire&&, C. O. Qualset&&, H. T. Nguyen* and J. P. Gustafson{ddagger},5

* Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
{dagger} Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16144, Indonesia
{ddagger} USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit, Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
§ Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502
& Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
** Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6420
{dagger}{dagger} Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170
{ddagger}{ddagger} Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
§§ Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
¶¶ USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710-1105
&& Genetic Resources Conservation Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616
*** Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108
{dagger}{dagger}{dagger} Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521

5 Corresponding author: USDA-ARS, 206 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.
E-mail: pgus{at}missouri.edu

A total of 1918 loci, detected by the hybridization of 938 expressed sequence tag unigenes (ESTs) from 26 Triticeae cDNA libraries, were mapped to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) homoeologous group 4 chromosomes using a set of deletion, ditelosomic, and nulli-tetrasomic lines. The 1918 EST loci were not distributed uniformly among the three group 4 chromosomes; 41, 28, and 31% mapped to chromosomes 4A, 4B, and 4D, respectively. This pattern is in contrast to the cumulative results of EST mapping in all homoeologous groups, as reported elsewhere, that found the highest proportion of loci mapped to the B genome. Sixty-five percent of these 1918 loci mapped to the long arms of homoeologous group 4 chromosomes, while 35% mapped to the short arms. The distal regions of chromosome arms showed higher numbers of loci than the proximal regions, with the exception of 4DL. This study confirmed the complex structure of chromosome 4A that contains two reciprocal translocations and two inversions, previously identified. An additional inversion in the centromeric region of 4A was revealed. A consensus map for homoeologous group 4 was developed from 119 ESTs unique to group 4. Forty-nine percent of these ESTs were found to be homoologous to sequences on rice chromosome 3, 12% had matches with sequences on other rice chromosomes, and 39% had no matches with rice sequences at all. Limited homology (only 26 of the 119 consensus ESTs) was found between wheat ESTs on homoeologous group 4 and the Arabidopsis genome. Forty-two percent of the homoeologous group 4 ESTs could be classified into functional categories on the basis of blastX searches against all protein databases.




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