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Genetics, Vol. 168, 147-160, September 2004, Copyright © 2004
doi:10.1534/genetics.104.029264
GLD-3 and Control of the Mitosis/Meiosis Decision in the Germline of Caenorhabditis elegans
Christian R. Eckmann*,1,
Sarah L. Crittenden*,
Nayoung Suh
and
Judith Kimble*,,2
* Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
2 Corresponding author: HHMI/Department of Biochemistry, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI 53706-1544.
E-mail: jekimble{at}facstaff.wisc.edu
Germ cells can divide mitotically to replenish germline tissue or meiotically to produce gametes. In this article, we report that GLD-3, a Caenorhabditis elegans Bicaudal-C homolog, promotes the transition from mitosis to meiosis together with the GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase. GLD-3 binds GLD-2 via a small N-terminal region present in both GLD-3S and GLD-3L isoforms, and GLD-2 and GLD-3 can be co-immunoprecipitated from worm extracts. The FBF repressor binds specifically to elements in the gld-3S 3'-UTR, and FBF regulates gld-3 expression. Furthermore, FBF acts largely upstream of gld-3 in the mitosis/meiosis decision. By contrast, GLD-3 acts upstream of FBF in the sperm/oocyte decision, and GLD-3 protein can antagonize FBF binding to RNA regulatory elements. To address the relative importance of these two regulatory mechanisms in the mitosis/meiosis and sperm/oocyte decisions, we isolated a deletion mutant, gld-3(q741), that removes the FBF-binding site from GLD-3L, but leaves the GLD-2-binding site intact. Animals homozygous for gld-3(q741) enter meiosis, but are feminized. Therefore, GLD-3 promotes meiosis primarily via its interaction with GLD-2, and it promotes spermatogenesis primarily via its interaction with FBF.
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