Molecular Cytogenetic Definition of the Chicken Genome: The First Complete Avian Karyotype

doi:10.1534/genetics.166.3.1367

Molecular Cytogenetic Definition of the Chicken Genome: The First Complete Avian Karyotype

Julio S. Masabanda^a, Dave W. Burt^b, Patricia C. M. O'Brien^c, Alain Vignal^d, Valerie Fillon^d, Philippa S. Walsh^a, Helen Cox^a, Helen G. Tempest^a, Jacqueline Smith^b, Felix Habermann^e, Michael Schmid^f, Yoichi Matsuda^g, Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith^c, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans^h, Martien A. M. Groenen^h, and Darren K. Griffin^a
^a Cell and Chromosome Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom,
^b Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, United Kingdom,
^c Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom,
^d Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Centre Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France,
^e Lehrstuhl für Tierzucht, der Technischen Universitaet München, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany,
^f Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany,
^g Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics, Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
^h Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Wageningen University, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands

Corresponding author: Darren K. Griffin, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom., darren.griffin{at}brunel.ac.uk (E-mail)

Communicating editor: R. S. HAWLEY

Chicken genome mapping is important for a range of scientificdisciplines. The ability to distinguish chromosomes of the chickenand other birds is thus a priority. Here we describe the molecularcytogenetic characterization of each chicken chromosome usingchromosome painting and mapping of individual clones by FISH.Where possible, we have assigned the chromosomes to known linkagegroups. We propose, on the basis of size, that the NOR chromosomeis approximately the size of chromosome 22; however, we suggestthat its original assignment of 16 should be retained. We alsosuggest a definitive chromosome classification system and proposethat the probes developed here will find wide utility in thefields of developmental biology, DT40 studies, agriculture,vertebrate genome organization, and comparative mapping of avianspecies.

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