Mutation Rate and Novel tt Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Induced by Carbon Ions

Mutation Rate and Novel tt Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Induced by Carbon Ions

Naoya Shikazono^a, Yukihiko Yokota^a, Satoshi Kitamura^a, Chihiro Suzuki^a, Hiroshi Watanabe^a, Shigemitsu Tano^a, and Atsushi Tanaka^a
^a Department of Ion Beam Applied Biology, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan

Corresponding author: Naoya Shikazono, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Watanuki-machi 1233, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan., naoya{at}taka.jaeri.go.jp (E-mail)

Communicating editor: V. SUDARESAN

Irradiation of Arabidopsis thaliana by carbon ions was carriedout to investigate the mutational effect of ion particles inhigher plants. Frequencies of embryonic lethals and chlorophyll-deficientmutants were found to be significantly higher after carbon-ionirradiation than after electron irradiation (11-fold and 7.8-foldper unit dose, respectively). To estimate the mutation rateof carbon ions, mutants with no pigments on leaves and stems(tt) and no trichomes on leaves (gl) were isolated at the M2generation and subjected to analysis. Averaged segregation rateof the backcrossed mutants was 0.25, which suggested that largedeletions reducing the viability of the gametophytes were nottransmitted, if generated, in most cases. During the isolationof mutants, two new classes of flavonoid mutants (tt18, tt19)were isolated from carbon-ion-mutagenized M2 plants. From PCRand sequence analysis, two of the three tt18 mutant alleleswere found to have a small deletion within the LDOX gene andthe other was revealed to contain a rearrangement. Using thesegregation rates, the mutation rate of carbon ions was estimatedto be 17-fold higher than that of electrons. The isolation ofnovel mutants and the high mutation rate suggest that ion particlescan be used as a valuable mutagen for plant genetics.

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