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Deriving Evolutionary Relationships Among Populations Using Microsatellites and (
µ)2: All Loci Are Equal, but Some Are More Equal Than Others ...
Pierre-Alexandre Landrya,
Mikko T. Koskinenb, and
Craig R. Primmerb
a Metapopulation Research Group, Division of Population Biology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
b Division of Population Biology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Corresponding author: Pierre-Alexandre Landry, Division of Population Biology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., alexandre.landry{at}helsinki.fi (E-mail)
Communicating editor: M. W. FELDMAN
µ)2 and Rst are often employed because they make use of the differences in allele sizes on the basis of the stepwise mutation model. While it has been recognized that some microsatellites can yield disproportionate interpopulation distance estimates, no formal investigation has been conducted to evaluate to what extent such loci could affect the topology of the corresponding dendrograms. Here we show that single loci, displaying extremely large among-population variance, can greatly bias the topology of the phylogenetic tree, using data from European grayling (Thymallus thymallus, Salmonidae) populations. Importantly, we also demonstrate that the inclusion of a single disproportionate locus will lead to an overestimation of the stability of trees assessed using bootstrapping. To avoid this bias, we introduce a simple statistical test for detecting loci with significantly disproportionate variance prior to phylogenetic analyses and further show that exclusion of offending loci eliminates the false increase in phylogram stability.
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