Clinal Variation for Amino Acid Polymorphisms at the Pgm Locus in Drosophila melanogaster

Corresponding author: Brian C. Verrelli, Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742., verrelli{at}wam.umd.edu (E-mail)

Communicating editor: J. HEY

Clinal variation is common for enzymes in the glycolytic pathway for Drosophila melanogaster and is generally accepted as an adaptive response to different climates. Although the enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) possesses several allozyme polymorphisms, it is unique in that it had been reported to show no clinal variation. Our recent DNA sequence investigation of Pgm found extensive cryptic amino acid polymorphism segregating with the allozyme alleles. In this study, we characterize the geographic variation of Pgm amino acid polymorphisms at the nucleotide level along a latitudinal cline in the eastern United States. A survey of 15 SNPs across the Pgm gene finds significant clinal differentiation for the allozyme polymorphisms as well as for many of the cryptic amino acid polymorphisms. A test of independence shows that pervasive linkage disequilibrium across this gene region can explain many of the amino acid clines. A single Pgm haplotype defined by two amino acid polymorphisms shows the strongest correlation with latitude and the steepest change in allele frequency across the cline. We propose that clinal selection at Pgm may in part explain the extensive amino acid polymorphism at this locus and is consistent with a multilocus response to selection in the glycolytic pathway.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				I. Boutet, A. Tanguy, D. Le Guen, P. Piccino, S. Hourdez, P. Legendre, and D. Jollivet Global depression in gene expression as a response to rapid thermal changes in vent mussels Proc R Soc B, June 10, 2009; (2009) rspb.2009.0503v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T. Levine and D. J. Begun Evidence of Spatially Varying Selection Acting on Four Chromatin-Remodeling Loci in Drosophila melanogaster Genetics, May 1, 2008; 179(1): 475 - 485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Flowers, E Sezgin, S Kumagai, D. Duvernell, L. Matzkin, P. Schmidt, and W. Eanes Adaptive Evolution of Metabolic Pathways in Drosophila Mol. Biol. Evol., June 1, 2007; 24(6): 1347 - 1354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. F. Eanes, T. J. S. Merritt, J. M. Flowers, S. Kumagai, E. Sezgin, and C.-T. Zhu Flux control and excess capacity in the enzymes of glycolysis and their relationship to flight metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster PNAS, December 19, 2006; 103(51): 19413 - 19418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Vasemagi The Adaptive Hypothesis of Clinal Variation Revisited: Single-Locus Clines as a Result of Spatially Restricted Gene Flow Genetics, August 1, 2006; 173(4): 2411 - 2414. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. W. Wheat, W. B. Watt, D. D. Pollock, and P. M. Schulte From DNA to Fitness Differences: Sequences and Structures of Adaptive Variants of Colias Phosphoglucose Isomerase (PGI) Mol. Biol. Evol., March 1, 2006; 23(3): 499 - 512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. S. Merritt, D. Duvernell, and W. F. Eanes Natural and Synthetic Alleles Provide Complementary Insights Into the Nature of Selection Acting on the Men Polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster Genetics, December 1, 2005; 171(4): 1707 - 1718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Matzkin, T. J. S. Merritt, C.-T. Zhu, and W. F. Eanes The Structure and Population Genetics of the Breakpoints Associated With the Cosmopolitan Chromosomal Inversion In(3R)Payne in Drosophila melanogaster Genetics, July 1, 2005; 170(3): 1143 - 1152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Sezgin, D. D. Duvernell, L. M. Matzkin, Y. Duan, C.-T. Zhu, B. C. Verrelli, and W. F. Eanes Single-Locus Latitudinal Clines and Their Relationship to Temperate Adaptation in Metabolic Genes and Derived Alleles in Drosophila melanogaster Genetics, October 1, 2004; 168(2): 923 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Palsson, A. Rouse, R. Riley-Berger, I. Dworkin, and G. Gibson Nucleotide Variation in the Egfr Locus of Drosophila melanogaster Genetics, July 1, 2004; 167(3): 1199 - 1212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Montooth, J. H. Marden, and A. G. Clark Mapping Determinants of Variation in Energy Metabolism, Respiration and Flight in Drosophila Genetics, October 1, 2003; 165(2): 623 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. Rand, P. S. Spaeth, T. B. Sackton, and P. S. Schmidt Ecological Genetics of Mpi and Gpi Polymorphisms in the Acorn Barnacle and the Spatial Scale of Neutral and Non-neutral Variation Integr. Comp. Biol., August 1, 2002; 42(4): 825 - 836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. F. Baines, Y. Chen, A. Das, and W. Stephan DNA Sequence Variation at a Duplicated Gene: Excess of Replacement Polymorphism and Extensive Haplotype Structure in the Drosophila melanogasterbicoid Region Mol. Biol. Evol., July 1, 2002; 19(7): 989 - 998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Olsen, A. Womack, A. R. Garrett, J. I. Suddith, and M. D. Purugganan Contrasting Evolutionary Forces in the Arabidopsis thaliana Floral Developmental Pathway Genetics, April 1, 2002; 160(4): 1641 - 1650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. C. Verrelli and W. F. Eanes The Functional Impact of Pgm Amino Acid Polymorphism on Glycogen Content in Drosophila melanogaster Genetics, September 1, 2001; 159(1): 201 - 210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]