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Genetics, Vol. 155, 813-831, June 2000, Copyright © 2000

The Effects of Pollen and Seed Migration on Nuclear-Dicytoplasmic Systems. I. Nonrandom Associations and Equilibrium Structure With Both Maternal and Paternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance

Marjorie A. Asmussena and Maria E. Orivea,b
a Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-7223
b Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2106

Corresponding author: Maria E. Orive, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2106., orive{at}ukans.edu (E-mail)

Communicating editor: A. G. CLARK

We determine the nuclear-dicytoplasmic effects of unidirectional gene flow via pollen and seeds upon a mixed-mating plant population, focusing on nuclear-mitochondrial-chloroplast systems where mitochondria are inherited maternally and chloroplasts paternally, as in many conifers. After first delineating the general effects of admixture (via seeds or individuals) on the nonrandom associations in such systems, we derive the full dicytonuclear equilibrium structure, including when disequilibria may be indicators of gene flow. Substantial levels of permanent two- and three-locus disequilibria can be generated in adults by (i) nonzero disequilibria in the migrant pools or (ii) intermigrant admixture effects via different chloroplast frequencies in migrant pollen and seeds. Additionally, three-locus disequilibria can be generated by higher-order intermigrant effects such as different chloroplast frequencies in migrant pollen and seeds coupled with nuclear-mitochondrial disequilibria in migrant seeds, or different nuclear frequencies in migrant pollen and seeds coupled with mitochondrial-chloroplast disequilibria in migrant seeds. Further insight is provided by considering special cases with seed or pollen migration alone, complete random mating or selfing, or migrant pollen and seeds lacking disequilibria or intermigrant admixture effects. The results complete the theoretical foundation for a new method for estimating pollen and seed migration using joint cytonuclear or dicytonuclear data.




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 GeneticsHome page
M. E. Orive and M. A. Asmussen
The Effects of Pollen and Seed Migration on Nuclear-Dicytoplasmic Systems. II. A New Method for Estimating Plant Gene Flow From Joint Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Data
Genetics, June 1, 2000; 155(2): 833 - 854.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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