RAD50 and RAD51 Define Two Pathways That Collaborate to Maintain Telomeres in the Absence of Telomerase

Corresponding author: Carol W. Greider, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 617 Hunterian Bldg., 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205., cgreider{at}bs.jhmi.edu (E-mail)

Communicating editor: L. S. SYMINGTON

Telomere length is maintained by the de novo addition of telomere repeats by telomerase, yet recombination can elongate telomeres in the absence of telomerase. When the yeast telomerase RNA component, TLC1, is deleted, telomeres shorten and most cells die. However, gene conversion mediated by the RAD52 pathway allows telomere lengthening in rare survivor cells. To further investigate the role of recombination in telomere maintenance, we assayed telomere length and the ability to generate survivors in several isogenic DNA recombination mutants, including rad50, rad51, rad52, rad54, rad57, xrs2, and mre11. The rad51, rad52, rad54, and rad57 mutations increased the rate of cell death in the absence of TLC1. In contrast, although the rad50, xrs2, and mre11 strains initially had short telomeres, double mutants with tlc1 did not affect the rate of cell death, and survivors were generated at later times than tlc1 alone. While none of the double mutants of recombination genes and tlc1 (except rad52 tlc1) blocked the ability to generate survivors, a rad50 rad51 tlc1 triple mutant did not allow the generation of survivors. Thus RAD50 and RAD51 define two separate pathways that collaborate to allow cells to survive in the absence of telomerase.

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				G. Wu, W.-H. Lee, and P.-L. Chen NBS1 and TRF1 Colocalize at Promyelocytic Leukemia Bodies during Late S/G2 Phases in Immortalized Telomerase-negative Cells. IMPLICATION OF NBS1 IN ALTERNATIVE LENGTHENING OF TELOMERES J. Biol. Chem., September 22, 2000; 275(39): 30618 - 30622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. P. Ford, Y. Zou, K. Pongracz, S. M. Gryaznov, J. W. Shay, and W. E. Wright Telomerase Can Inhibit the Recombination-based Pathway of Telomere Maintenance in Human Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 17, 2001; 276(34): 32198 - 32203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Cohen and D. A. Sinclair Recombination-mediated lengthening of terminal telomeric repeats requires the Sgs1 DNA helicase PNAS, March 13, 2001; 98(6): 3174 - 3179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. T. Paull and M. Gellert A mechanistic basis for Mre11-directed DNA joining at microhomologies PNAS, June 6, 2000; 97(12): 6409 - 6414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. Limoli, E. Giedzinski, W. F. Morgan, and J. E. Cleaver Inaugural Article: Polymerase eta deficiency in the xeroderma pigmentosum variant uncovers an overlap between the S phase checkpoint and double-strand break repair PNAS, July 5, 2000; 97(14): 7939 - 7946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. T. Merino, W. J. Cummings, S. N. Acharya, and M. E. Zolan Replication-dependent early meiotic requirement for Spo11 and Rad50 PNAS, September 12, 2000; 97(19): 10477 - 10482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]