Quantitative Genetics of Ovariole Number in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Mutational Variation and Genotype-Environment Interaction

Corresponding author: Marta L. Wayne, Box 7614, Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, mlwayne{at}tosca.gnets.ncsu.edu (E-mail).

Communicating editor: R. G. SHAW

The rare alleles model of mutation-selection balance (MSB) hypothesis for the maintenance of genetic variation was evaluated for two quantitative traits, ovariole number and body size. Mutational variances (V_M) for these traits, estimated from mutation accumulation lines, were 4.75 and 1.97 x 10^-4 times the environmental variance (V_E), respectively. The mutation accumulation lines were studied in three environments to test for genotype x environment interaction (GEI) of new mutations; significant mutational GEI was found for both traits. Mutations for ovariole number have a quadratic relationship with competitive fitness, suggesting stabilizing selection for the trait; there is no significant correlation between mutations for body size and competitive fitness. Under MSB, the ratio of segregating genetic variance, V_G , to mutational variance, V_M , estimates the inverse of the selection coefficient against a heterozygote for a new mutation. Estimates of V_G/V_M for ovariole number and body size were both approximately 1.1 x 10⁴. Thus, MSB can explain the level of variation, if mutations affecting these traits are under very weak selection, which is inconsistent with the empirical observation of stabilizing selection, or if the estimate of V_M is biased downward by two orders of magnitude. GEI is a possible alternative explanation.

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