Characterization of the Roles of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD54 Gene and a Homologue of RAD54, RDH54/TID1, in Mitosis and Meiosis

INVESTIGATIONS

Characterization of the Roles of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD54 Gene and a Homologue of RAD54, RDH54/TID1, in Mitosis and Meiosis

M. Shinohara, E. Shita-Yamaguchi, J. M. Buerstedde, H. Shinagawa, H. Ogawa and A. Shinohara
Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan

The RAD54 gene, which encodes a protein in the SWI2/SNF2 family, plays an important role in recombination and DNA repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast genome project revealed a homologue of RAD54, RDH54/TID1. Properties of the rdh54/tid1 mutant and the rad54 rdh54/tid1 double mutant are shown for mitosis and meiosis. The rad54 mutant is sensitive to the alkylating agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and is defective in interchromosomal and intrachromosomal gene conversion. The rdh54/tid1 single mutant, on the other hand, does not show any significant deficiency in mitosis. However, the rad54 rdh54/tid1 mutant is more sensitive to MMS and more defective in interchromosomal gene conversion than is the rad54 mutant, but shows the same frequency of intrachromosomal gene conversion as the rad54 mutant. These results suggest that RDH54/TID1 is involved in a minor pathway of mitotic recombination in the absence of RAD54. In meiosis, both single mutants produce viable spores at slightly reduced frequency. However, only the rdh54/tid1 mutant, but not the rad54 mutant, shows significant defects in recombination: retardation of the repair of meiosis-specific double-strand breaks (DSBs) and delayed formation of physical recombinants. Furthermore, the rad54 rdh54/tid1 double mutant is completely defective in meiosis, accumulating DSBs with more recessed ends than the wild type and producing fewer physical recombinants than the wild type. These results suggest that one of the differences between the late stages of mitotic recombination and meiotic recombination might be specified by differential dependency on the Rad54 and Rdh54/Tid1 proteins.

This article has been cited by other articles:

K. Matsuzaki, A. Shinohara, and M. Shinohara
Forkhead-Associated Domain of Yeast Xrs2, a Homolog of Human Nbs1, Promotes Nonhomologous End Joining Through Interaction With a Ligase IV Partner Protein, Lif1
Genetics, May 1, 2008; 179(1): 213 - 225.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Kwon, C. Seong, P. Chi, E. C. Greene, H. Klein, and P. Sung
ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Homologous Recombination Factor Rdh54
J. Biol. Chem., April 18, 2008; 283(16): 10445 - 10452.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

I-P. Chen, A. Mannuss, N. Orel, F. Heitzeberg, and H. Puchta
A Homolog of ScRAD5 Is Involved in DNA Repair and Homologous Recombination in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, April 1, 2008; 146(4): 1786 - 1796.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

V. Busygina, M. G. Sehorn, I. Y. Shi, H. Tsubouchi, G. S. Roeder, and P. Sung
Hed1 regulates Rad51-mediated recombination via a novel mechanism
Genes & Dev., March 15, 2008; 22(6): 786 - 795.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. V. Nimonkar, I. Amitani, R. J. Baskin, and S. C. Kowalczykowski
Single Molecule Imaging of Tid1/Rdh54, a Rad54 Homolog That Translocates on Duplex DNA and Can Disrupt Joint Molecules
J. Biol. Chem., October 19, 2007; 282(42): 30776 - 30784.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

F. Cortes-Ledesma, C. Tous, and A. Aguilera
Different genetic requirements for repair of replication-born double-strand breaks by sister-chromatid recombination and break-induced replication
Nucleic Acids Res., October 8, 2007; 35(19): 6560 - 6570.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

L. S. Symington and W.-D. Heyer
Some disassembly required: role of DNA translocases in the disruption of recombination intermediates and dead-end complexes
Genes & Dev., September 15, 2006; 20(18): 2479 - 2486.
[Full Text] [PDF]

T. M. Holzen, P. P. Shah, H. A. Olivares, and D. K. Bishop
Tid1/Rdh54 promotes dissociation of Dmc1 from nonrecombinogenic sites on meiotic chromatin
Genes & Dev., September 15, 2006; 20(18): 2593 - 2604.
[Full Text] [PDF]

H. Durr, A. Flaus, T. Owen-Hughes, and K.-P. Hopfner
Snf2 family ATPases and DExx box helicases: differences and unifying concepts from high-resolution crystal structures
Nucleic Acids Res., September 10, 2006; 34(15): 4160 - 4167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

W.-D. Heyer, X. Li, M. Rolfsmeier, and X.-P. Zhang
Rad54: the Swiss Army knife of homologous recombination?
Nucleic Acids Res., September 10, 2006; 34(15): 4115 - 4125.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. Chi, Y. Kwon, C. Seong, A. Epshtein, I. Lam, P. Sung, and H. L. Klein
Yeast Recombination Factor Rdh54 Functionally Interacts with the Rad51 Recombinase and Catalyzes Rad51 Removal from DNA
J. Biol. Chem., September 8, 2006; 281(36): 26268 - 26279.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. Y. Lui, T. L. Peoples-Holst, J. Chang Mell, H.-Y. Wu, E. W. Dean, and S. M. Burgess
Analysis of Close Stable Homolog Juxtaposition During Meiosis in Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetics, July 1, 2006; 173(3): 1207 - 1222.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

H. Shaked, N. Avivi-Ragolsky, and A. A. Levy
Involvement of the Arabidopsis SWI2/SNF2 Chromatin Remodeling Gene Family in DNA Damage Response and Recombination
Genetics, June 1, 2006; 173(2): 985 - 994.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. Wesoly, S. Agarwal, S. Sigurdsson, W. Bussen, S. Van Komen, J. Qin, H. van Steeg, J. van Benthem, E. Wassenaar, W. M. Baarends, et al.
Differential Contributions of Mammalian Rad54 Paralogs to Recombination, DNA Damage Repair, and Meiosis
Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 2006; 26(3): 976 - 989.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. V. Kateneva, A. A. Konovchenko, V. Guacci, and M. E. Dresser
Recombination protein Tid1p controls resolution of cohesin-dependent linkages in meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
J. Cell Biol., October 24, 2005; 171(2): 241 - 253.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

H. Shima, M. Suzuki, and M. Shinohara
Isolation and Characterization of Novel xrs2 Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetics, May 1, 2005; 170(1): 71 - 85.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. Pebernard, W. H. McDonald, Y. Pavlova, J. R. Yates III, and M. N. Boddy
Nse1, Nse2, and a Novel Subunit of the Smc5-Smc6 Complex, Nse3, Play a Crucial Role in Meiosis
Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2004; 15(11): 4866 - 4876.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

H. Xu, C. Boone, and H. L. Klein
Mrc1 Is Required for Sister Chromatid Cohesion To Aid in Recombination Repair of Spontaneous Damage
Mol. Cell. Biol., August 15, 2004; 24(16): 7082 - 7090.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

K. Yamashita, M. Shinohara, and A. Shinohara
Rad6-Bre1-mediated histone H2B ubiquitylation modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis
PNAS, August 3, 2004; 101(31): 11380 - 11385.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Smirnova, S. Van Komen, P. Sung, and H. L. Klein
Effects of Tumor-associated Mutations on Rad54 Functions
J. Biol. Chem., June 4, 2004; 279(23): 24081 - 24088.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. G. Catlett and S. L. Forsburg
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rdh54 (TID1) Acts with Rhp54 (RAD54) to Repair Meiotic Double-Strand Breaks
Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2003; 14(11): 4707 - 4720.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Shinohara, K. Sakai, T. Ogawa, and A. Shinohara
The Mitotic DNA Damage Checkpoint Proteins Rad17 and Rad24 Are Required for Repair of Double-Strand Breaks During Meiosis in Yeast
Genetics, July 1, 2003; 164(3): 855 - 865.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Shinohara, K. Sakai, A. Shinohara, and D. K. Bishop
Crossover Interference in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Requires a TID1/RDH54- and DMC1-Dependent Pathway
Genetics, April 1, 2003; 163(4): 1273 - 1286.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. Schmuckli-Maurer, M. Rolfsmeier, H. Nguyen, and W.-D. Heyer
Genome instability in rad54 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Nucleic Acids Res., February 1, 2003; 31(3): 1013 - 1023.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

L. S. Symington
Role of RAD52 Epistasis Group Genes in Homologous Recombination and Double-Strand Break Repair
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 2002; 66(4): 630 - 670.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. M. Kim, K. S. Paffett, J. A. Solinger, W.-D. Heyer, and J. A. Nickoloff
Spontaneous and double-strand break-induced recombination, and gene conversion tract lengths, are differentially affected by overexpression of wild-type or ATPase-defective yeast Rad54
Nucleic Acids Res., July 1, 2002; 30(13): 2727 - 2735.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

C. Soustelle, M. Vedel, R. Kolodner, and A. Nicolas
Replication Protein A Is Required for Meiotic Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetics, June 1, 2002; 161(2): 535 - 547.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

T. Nakagawa and R. D. Kolodner
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mer3 Is a DNA Helicase Involved in Meiotic Crossing Over
Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2002; 22(10): 3281 - 3291.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

K. Tanaka, W. Kagawa, T. Kinebuchi, H. Kurumizaka, and K. Miyagawa
Human Rad54B is a double-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase and has biochemical properties different from its structural homolog in yeast, Tid1/Rdh54
Nucleic Acids Res., March 15, 2002; 30(6): 1346 - 1353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

E. L. Hong, A. Shinohara, and D. K. Bishop
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dmc1 Protein Promotes Renaturation of Single-strand DNA (ssDNA) and Assimilation of ssDNA into Homologous Super-coiled Duplex DNA
J. Biol. Chem., November 2, 2001; 276(45): 41906 - 41912.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

L. Signon, A. Malkova, M. L. Naylor, H. Klein, and J. E. Haber
Genetic Requirements for RAD51- and RAD54-Independent Break-Induced Replication Repair of a Chromosomal Double-Strand Break
Mol. Cell. Biol., March 15, 2001; 21(6): 2048 - 2056.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

L. Krejci, J. Damborsky, B. Thomsen, M. Duno, and C. Bendixen
Molecular Dissection of Interactions between Rad51 and Members of the Recombination-Repair Group
Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 2001; 21(3): 966 - 976.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

H. L. Klein
Mutations in Recombinational Repair and in Checkpoint Control Genes Suppress the Lethal Combination of srs2{{Delta}} With Other DNA Repair Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetics, February 1, 2001; 157(2): 557 - 565.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

M. Shinohara, S. L. Gasior, D. K. Bishop, and A. Shinohara
Tid1/Rdh54 promotes colocalization of Rad51 and Dmc1 during meiotic recombination
PNAS, September 26, 2000; 97(20): 10814 - 10819.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

G. Petukhova, P. Sung, and H. Klein
Promotion of Rad51-dependent D-loop formation by yeast recombination factor Rdh54/Tid1
Genes & Dev., September 1, 2000; 14(17): 2206 - 2215.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

M. L. G. Dronkert, H. B. Beverloo, R. D. Johnson, J. H. J. Hoeijmakers, M. Jasin, and R. Kanaar
Mouse RAD54 Affects DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and Sister Chromatid Exchange
Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2000; 20(9): 3147 - 3156.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Y. Bai, A. P. Davis, and L. S. Symington
A Novel Allele of RAD52 That Causes Severe DNA Repair and Recombination Deficiencies Only in the Absence of RAD51 or RAD59
Genetics, November 1, 1999; 153(3): 1117 - 1130.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

G. Petukhova, S. Van Komen, S. Vergano, H. Klein, and P. Sung
Yeast Rad54 Promotes Rad51-dependent Homologous DNA Pairing via ATP Hydrolysis-driven Change in DNA Double Helix Conformation
J. Biol. Chem., October 8, 1999; 274(41): 29453 - 29462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

R. Kooistra, A. Pastink, J. B. M. Zonneveld, P. H. M. Lohman, and J. C. J. Eeken
The Drosophila melanogaster DmRAD54 Gene Plays a Crucial Role in Double-Strand Break Repair after P-Element Excision and Acts Synergistically with Ku70 in the Repair of X-Ray Damage
Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 1999; 19(9): 6269 - 6275.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

L. K. Lewis, J. W. Westmoreland, and M. A. Resnick
Repair of Endonuclease-Induced Double-Strand Breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Essential Role for Genes Associated with Nonhomologous End-Joining
Genetics, August 1, 1999; 152(4): 1513 - 1529.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

F. Paques and J. E. Haber
Multiple Pathways of Recombination Induced by Double-Strand Breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., June 1, 1999; 63(2): 349 - 404.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

T. Rijkers, J. Van Den Ouweland, B. Morolli, A. G. Rolink, W. M. Baarends, P. P. H. Van Sloun, P. H. M. Lohman, and A. Pastink
Targeted Inactivation of Mouse RAD52 Reduces Homologous Recombination but Not Resistance to Ionizing Radiation
Mol. Cell. Biol., November 1, 1998; 18(11): 6423 - 6429.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

A. Ghabrial, R. P. Ray, and T. Schüpbach
okra and spindle-B encode components of the RAD52 DNA repair pathway and affect meiosis and patterning in Drosophila oogenesis
Genes & Dev., September 1, 1998; 12(17): 2711 - 2723.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

K. M. Trujillo, S.-S. F. Yuan, E. Y.-H. P. Lee, and P. Sung
Nuclease Activities in a Complex of Human Recombination and DNA Repair Factors Rad50, Mre11, and p95
J. Biol. Chem., August 21, 1998; 273(34): 21447 - 21450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. L. Gasior, A. K. Wong, Y. Kora, A. Shinohara, and D. K. Bishop
Rad52 associates with RPA and functions with Rad55 and Rad57 to assemble meiotic recombination complexes
Genes & Dev., July 15, 1998; 12(14): 2208 - 2221.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

				Y. Kwon, C. Seong, P. Chi, E. C. Greene, H. Klein, and P. Sung ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Homologous Recombination Factor Rdh54 J. Biol. Chem., April 18, 2008; 283(16): 10445 - 10452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I-P. Chen, A. Mannuss, N. Orel, F. Heitzeberg, and H. Puchta A Homolog of ScRAD5 Is Involved in DNA Repair and Homologous Recombination in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, April 1, 2008; 146(4): 1786 - 1796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Busygina, M. G. Sehorn, I. Y. Shi, H. Tsubouchi, G. S. Roeder, and P. Sung Hed1 regulates Rad51-mediated recombination via a novel mechanism Genes & Dev., March 15, 2008; 22(6): 786 - 795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. V. Nimonkar, I. Amitani, R. J. Baskin, and S. C. Kowalczykowski Single Molecule Imaging of Tid1/Rdh54, a Rad54 Homolog That Translocates on Duplex DNA and Can Disrupt Joint Molecules J. Biol. Chem., October 19, 2007; 282(42): 30776 - 30784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Cortes-Ledesma, C. Tous, and A. Aguilera Different genetic requirements for repair of replication-born double-strand breaks by sister-chromatid recombination and break-induced replication Nucleic Acids Res., October 8, 2007; 35(19): 6560 - 6570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. S. Symington and W.-D. Heyer Some disassembly required: role of DNA translocases in the disruption of recombination intermediates and dead-end complexes Genes & Dev., September 15, 2006; 20(18): 2479 - 2486. [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. M. Holzen, P. P. Shah, H. A. Olivares, and D. K. Bishop Tid1/Rdh54 promotes dissociation of Dmc1 from nonrecombinogenic sites on meiotic chromatin Genes & Dev., September 15, 2006; 20(18): 2593 - 2604. [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Durr, A. Flaus, T. Owen-Hughes, and K.-P. Hopfner Snf2 family ATPases and DExx box helicases: differences and unifying concepts from high-resolution crystal structures Nucleic Acids Res., September 10, 2006; 34(15): 4160 - 4167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W.-D. Heyer, X. Li, M. Rolfsmeier, and X.-P. Zhang Rad54: the Swiss Army knife of homologous recombination? Nucleic Acids Res., September 10, 2006; 34(15): 4115 - 4125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Chi, Y. Kwon, C. Seong, A. Epshtein, I. Lam, P. Sung, and H. L. Klein Yeast Recombination Factor Rdh54 Functionally Interacts with the Rad51 Recombinase and Catalyzes Rad51 Removal from DNA J. Biol. Chem., September 8, 2006; 281(36): 26268 - 26279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Y. Lui, T. L. Peoples-Holst, J. Chang Mell, H.-Y. Wu, E. W. Dean, and S. M. Burgess Analysis of Close Stable Homolog Juxtaposition During Meiosis in Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetics, July 1, 2006; 173(3): 1207 - 1222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Shaked, N. Avivi-Ragolsky, and A. A. Levy Involvement of the Arabidopsis SWI2/SNF2 Chromatin Remodeling Gene Family in DNA Damage Response and Recombination Genetics, June 1, 2006; 173(2): 985 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Wesoly, S. Agarwal, S. Sigurdsson, W. Bussen, S. Van Komen, J. Qin, H. van Steeg, J. van Benthem, E. Wassenaar, W. M. Baarends, et al. Differential Contributions of Mammalian Rad54 Paralogs to Recombination, DNA Damage Repair, and Meiosis Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 2006; 26(3): 976 - 989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. V. Kateneva, A. A. Konovchenko, V. Guacci, and M. E. Dresser Recombination protein Tid1p controls resolution of cohesin-dependent linkages in meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae J. Cell Biol., October 24, 2005; 171(2): 241 - 253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Shima, M. Suzuki, and M. Shinohara Isolation and Characterization of Novel xrs2 Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetics, May 1, 2005; 170(1): 71 - 85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Pebernard, W. H. McDonald, Y. Pavlova, J. R. Yates III, and M. N. Boddy Nse1, Nse2, and a Novel Subunit of the Smc5-Smc6 Complex, Nse3, Play a Crucial Role in Meiosis Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2004; 15(11): 4866 - 4876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Xu, C. Boone, and H. L. Klein Mrc1 Is Required for Sister Chromatid Cohesion To Aid in Recombination Repair of Spontaneous Damage Mol. Cell. Biol., August 15, 2004; 24(16): 7082 - 7090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Yamashita, M. Shinohara, and A. Shinohara Rad6-Bre1-mediated histone H2B ubiquitylation modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis PNAS, August 3, 2004; 101(31): 11380 - 11385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Smirnova, S. Van Komen, P. Sung, and H. L. Klein Effects of Tumor-associated Mutations on Rad54 Functions J. Biol. Chem., June 4, 2004; 279(23): 24081 - 24088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. G. Catlett and S. L. Forsburg Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rdh54 (TID1) Acts with Rhp54 (RAD54) to Repair Meiotic Double-Strand Breaks Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2003; 14(11): 4707 - 4720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Shinohara, K. Sakai, T. Ogawa, and A. Shinohara The Mitotic DNA Damage Checkpoint Proteins Rad17 and Rad24 Are Required for Repair of Double-Strand Breaks During Meiosis in Yeast Genetics, July 1, 2003; 164(3): 855 - 865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Shinohara, K. Sakai, A. Shinohara, and D. K. Bishop Crossover Interference in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Requires a TID1/RDH54- and DMC1-Dependent Pathway Genetics, April 1, 2003; 163(4): 1273 - 1286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Schmuckli-Maurer, M. Rolfsmeier, H. Nguyen, and W.-D. Heyer Genome instability in rad54 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nucleic Acids Res., February 1, 2003; 31(3): 1013 - 1023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. S. Symington Role of RAD52 Epistasis Group Genes in Homologous Recombination and Double-Strand Break Repair Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 2002; 66(4): 630 - 670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. M. Kim, K. S. Paffett, J. A. Solinger, W.-D. Heyer, and J. A. Nickoloff Spontaneous and double-strand break-induced recombination, and gene conversion tract lengths, are differentially affected by overexpression of wild-type or ATPase-defective yeast Rad54 Nucleic Acids Res., July 1, 2002; 30(13): 2727 - 2735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Soustelle, M. Vedel, R. Kolodner, and A. Nicolas Replication Protein A Is Required for Meiotic Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetics, June 1, 2002; 161(2): 535 - 547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Nakagawa and R. D. Kolodner Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mer3 Is a DNA Helicase Involved in Meiotic Crossing Over Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2002; 22(10): 3281 - 3291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Tanaka, W. Kagawa, T. Kinebuchi, H. Kurumizaka, and K. Miyagawa Human Rad54B is a double-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase and has biochemical properties different from its structural homolog in yeast, Tid1/Rdh54 Nucleic Acids Res., March 15, 2002; 30(6): 1346 - 1353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. L. Hong, A. Shinohara, and D. K. Bishop Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dmc1 Protein Promotes Renaturation of Single-strand DNA (ssDNA) and Assimilation of ssDNA into Homologous Super-coiled Duplex DNA J. Biol. Chem., November 2, 2001; 276(45): 41906 - 41912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Signon, A. Malkova, M. L. Naylor, H. Klein, and J. E. Haber Genetic Requirements for RAD51- and RAD54-Independent Break-Induced Replication Repair of a Chromosomal Double-Strand Break Mol. Cell. Biol., March 15, 2001; 21(6): 2048 - 2056. [Abstract] [Full Text]