Microsatellite Instability in Yeast: Dependence on the Length of the Microsatellite

INVESTIGATIONS

Microsatellite Instability in Yeast: Dependence on the Length of the Microsatellite

M. Wierdl, M. Dominska and T. D. Petes
Department of Biology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280

One of the most common microsatellites in eukaryotes consists of tandem arrays [usually 15-50 base pairs (bp) in length] of the dinucleotide GT. We examined the rates of instability for poly GT tracts of 15, 33, 51, 99 and 105 bp in wild-type and mismatch repair-deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rates of instability increased more than two orders of magnitude as tracts increased in size from 15 to 99 bp in both wild-type and msh2 strains. The types of alterations observed in long and short tracts in wild-type strains were different in two ways. First, tracts >/=51 bp had significantly more large deletions than tracts </=33 bp. Second, for the 99- and 105-bp tracts, almost all events involving single repeats were additions; for the smaller tracts, both additions and deletions of single repeats were common.

This article has been cited by other articles:

A.-L. Raquin, F. Depaulis, A. Lambert, N. Galic, P. Brabant, and I. Goldringer
Experimental Estimation of Mutation Rates in a Wheat Population With a Gene Genealogy Approach
Genetics, August 1, 2008; 179(4): 2195 - 2211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. Sommer, C. M. Stith, P. M. J. Burgers, and R. S. Lahue
Partial reconstitution of DNA large loop repair with purified proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Nucleic Acids Res., July 15, 2008; (2008) gkn446v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Lynch, W. Sung, K. Morris, N. Coffey, C. R. Landry, E. B. Dopman, W. J. Dickinson, K. Okamoto, S. Kulkarni, D. L. Hartl, et al.
From the Cover: A genome-wide view of the spectrum of spontaneous mutations in yeast
PNAS, July 8, 2008; 105(27): 9272 - 9277.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. L. Seyfert, M. E. A. Cristescu, L. Frisse, S. Schaack, W. K. Thomas, and M. Lynch
The Rate and Spectrum of Microsatellite Mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans and Daphnia pulex
Genetics, April 1, 2008; 178(4): 2113 - 2121.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y.-J. Han and P. de Lanerolle
Naturally Extended CT {middle dot} AG Repeats Increase H-DNA Structures and Promoter Activity in the Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase Gene
Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2008; 28(2): 863 - 872.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Legendre, N. Pochet, T. Pak, and K. J. Verstrepen
Sequence-based estimation of minisatellite and microsatellite repeat variability
Genome Res., December 1, 2007; 17(12): 1787 - 1796.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

R. McConnell, S. Middlemist, C. Scala, J. E. Strassmann, and D. C. Queller
An Unusually Low Microsatellite Mutation Rate in Dictyostelium discoideum, an Organism With Unusually Abundant Microsatellites
Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1499 - 1507.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

W. Wang, J. Xu, L. Xu, B. Yue, and F. Zou
The instability of (GpT)n and (ApC)n microsatellites induced by formaldehyde in Escherichia coli
Mutagenesis, September 1, 2007; 22(5): 353 - 357.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

G. G. M. Doxiadis, N. de Groot, F. H. J. Claas, I. I. N. Doxiadis, J. J. van Rood, and R. E. Bontrop
A highly divergent microsatellite facilitating fast and accurate DRB haplotyping in humans and rhesus macaques
PNAS, May 22, 2007; 104(21): 8907 - 8912.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

I. Y. Abdurakhmonov, F. N. Kushanov, F. Djaniqulov, Z. T. Buriev, A. E. Pepper, N. Fayzieva, G. T. Mavlonov, S. Saha, J. N. Jenkins, and A. Abdukarimov
The Role of Induced Mutation in Conversion of Photoperiod Dependence in Cotton
J. Hered., May 1, 2007; 98(3): 258 - 266.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. Rajendrakumar, A. K. Biswal, S. M. Balachandran, K. Srinivasarao, and R. M. Sundaram
Simple sequence repeats in organellar genomes of rice: frequency and distribution in genic and intergenic regions
Bioinformatics, January 1, 2007; 23(1): 1 - 4.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

O. Paun and E. Horandl
Evolution of Hypervariable Microsatellites in Apomictic Polyploid Lineages of Ranunculus carpaticola: Directional Bias at Dinucleotide Loci
Genetics, September 1, 2006; 174(1): 387 - 398.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. M. Marshall and R. E. Weiss
A Bayesian Heterogeneous Analysis of Variance Approach to Inferring Recent Selective Sweeps
Genetics, August 1, 2006; 173(4): 2357 - 2370.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. J. Vogler, C. Keys, Y. Nemoto, R. E. Colman, Z. Jay, and P. Keim
Effect of Repeat Copy Number on Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Mutations in Escherichia coli O157:H7.
J. Bacteriol., June 1, 2006; 188(12): 4253 - 4263.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Imwong, D. Sudimack, S. Pukrittayakamee, L. Osorio, J. M. Carlton, N. P. J. Day, N. J. White, and T. J. C. Anderson
Microsatellite Variation, Repeat Array Length, and Population History of Plasmodium vivax
Mol. Biol. Evol., May 1, 2006; 23(5): 1016 - 1018.
[Full Text] [PDF]

J.-H. Mun, D.-J. Kim, H.-K. Choi, J. Gish, F. Debelle, J. Mudge, R. Denny, G. Endre, O. Saurat, A.-M. Dudez, et al.
Distribution of Microsatellites in the Genome of Medicago truncatula: A Resource of Genetic Markers That Integrate Genetic and Physical Maps
Genetics, April 1, 2006; 172(4): 2541 - 2555.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A.-C. Thuillet, T. Bataillon, S. Poirier, S. Santoni, and J. L. David
Estimation of Long-Term Effective Population Sizes Through the History of Durum Wheat Using Microsatellite Data
Genetics, March 1, 2005; 169(3): 1589 - 1599.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

H. Karaoglu, C. M. Y. Lee, and W. Meyer
Survey of Simple Sequence Repeats in Completed Fungal Genomes
Mol. Biol. Evol., March 1, 2005; 22(3): 639 - 649.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Perez, F. Cruz, and P. Presa
Distribution Properties of Polymononucleotide Repeats in Molluscan Genomes
J. Hered., January 1, 2005; 96(1): 40 - 51.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. D. Prasad, M. Muthulakshmi, M. Madhu, S. Archak, K. Mita, and J. Nagaraju
Survey and Analysis of Microsatellites in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori: Frequency, Distribution, Mutations, Marker Potential and Their Conservation in Heterologous Species
Genetics, January 1, 2005; 169(1): 197 - 214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. R. Dettman and J. W. Taylor
Mutation and Evolution of Microsatellite Loci in Neurospora
Genetics, November 1, 2004; 168(3): 1231 - 1248.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. Martin, L. Sun, D. W. Hood, and E. R. Moxon
Involvement of genes of genome maintenance in the regulation of phase variation frequencies in Neisseria meningitidis
Microbiology, September 1, 2004; 150(9): 3001 - 3012.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

R. Sainudiin, R. T. Durrett, C. F. Aquadro, and R. Nielsen
Microsatellite Mutation Models: Insights From a Comparison of Humans and Chimpanzees
Genetics, September 1, 2004; 168(1): 383 - 395.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y.-M. Huang, S.-U. Chen, S. D. Goodman, S.-H. Wu, J.-T. Kao, C.-N. Lee, W.-C. Cheng, K.-S. Tsai, and W.-h. Fang
Interaction of Nick-directed DNA Mismatch Repair and Loop Repair in Human Cells
J. Biol. Chem., July 16, 2004; 279(29): 30228 - 30235.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. J. Lippert, J. A. Freedman, M. A. Barber, and S. Jinks-Robertson
Identification of a Distinctive Mutation Spectrum Associated with High Levels of Transcription in Yeast
Mol. Cell. Biol., June 1, 2004; 24(11): 4801 - 4809.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. Estes, P. C. Phillips, D. R. Denver, W. K. Thomas, and M. Lynch
Mutation Accumulation in Populations of Varying Size: The Distribution of Mutational Effects for Fitness Correlates in Caenorhabditis elegans
Genetics, March 1, 2004; 166(3): 1269 - 1279.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Lai and F. Sun
The Relationship Between Microsatellite Slippage Mutation Rate and the Number of Repeat Units
Mol. Biol. Evol., December 1, 2003; 20(12): 2123 - 2131.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

V. V. Symonds and A. M. Lloyd
An Analysis of Microsatellite Loci in Arabidopsis thaliana: Mutational Dynamics and Application
Genetics, November 1, 2003; 165(3): 1475 - 1488.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. J. A. Gutierrez and T. S.-F. Wang
Genomic Instability Induced by Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae POL1
Genetics, September 1, 2003; 165(1): 65 - 81.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. C. Whittaker, R. M. Harbord, N. Boxall, I. Mackay, G. Dawson, and R. M. Sibly
Likelihood-Based Estimation of Microsatellite Mutation Rates
Genetics, June 1, 2003; 164(2): 781 - 787.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

N.A. Yamada, A. Castro, and R.A. Farber
Variation in the extent of microsatellite instability in human cell lines with defects in different mismatch repair genes
Mutagenesis, May 1, 2003; 18(3): 277 - 282.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. Calabrese and R. Durrett
Dinucleotide Repeats in the Drosophila and Human Genomes Have Complex, Length-Dependent Mutation Processes
Mol. Biol. Evol., May 1, 2003; 20(5): 715 - 725.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Liu and R. A. Bambara
Analysis of Human Flap Endonuclease 1 Mutants Reveals a Mechanism to Prevent Triplet Repeat Expansion
J. Biol. Chem., April 11, 2003; 278(16): 13728 - 13739.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

O. J. Hardy, N. Charbonnel, H. Freville, and M. Heuertz
Microsatellite Allele Sizes: A Simple Test to Assess Their Significance on Genetic Differentiation
Genetics, April 1, 2003; 163(4): 1467 - 1482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. D. McCulloch, L. Gu, and G.-M. Li
Bi-directional Processing of DNA Loops by Mismatch Repair-dependent and -independent Pathways in Human Cells
J. Biol. Chem., January 31, 2003; 278(6): 3891 - 3896.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

N. R. Beck, M. C. Double, and A. Cockburn
Microsatellite Evolution at Two Hypervariable Loci Revealed by Extensive Avian Pedigrees
Mol. Biol. Evol., January 1, 2003; 20(1): 54 - 61.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

N. A. Yamada and R. A. Farber
Induction of a Low Level of Microsatellite Instability by Overexpression of DNA Polymerase {beta}
Cancer Res., November 1, 2002; 62(21): 6061 - 6064.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. M. Blankenship, B. May, and D. Hedgecock
Evolution of a Perfect Simple Sequence Repeat Locus in the Context of Its Flanking Sequence
Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2002; 19(11): 1943 - 1951.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. Bhattacharyya, M. L. Rolfsmeier, M. J. Dixon, K. Wagoner, and R. S. Lahue
Identification of RTG2 as a Modifier Gene for CTG{middle dot}CAG Repeat Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetics, October 1, 2002; 162(2): 579 - 589.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. Weetman, L. Hauser, and G. R. Carvalho
Reconstruction of Microsatellite Mutation History Reveals a Strong and Consistent Deletion Bias in Invasive Clonal Snails, Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Genetics, October 1, 2002; 162(2): 813 - 822.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. Brohede, C. R. Primmer, A. Moller, and H. Ellegren
Heterogeneity in the rate and pattern of germline mutation at individual microsatellite loci
Nucleic Acids Res., May 1, 2002; 30(9): 1997 - 2003.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M.-E. Huang, A.-G. Rio, M.-D. Galibert, and F. Galibert
Pol32, a Subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA Polymerase {delta}, Suppresses Genomic Deletions and Is Involved in the Mutagenic Bypass Pathway
Genetics, April 1, 2002; 160(4): 1409 - 1422.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. Metzgar, L. Liu, C. Hansen, K. Dybvig, and C. Wills
Domain-Level Differences in Microsatellite Distribution and Content Result from Different Relative Rates of Insertion and Deletion Mutations
Genome Res., March 1, 2002; 12(3): 408 - 413.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

C. A. Driscoll, M. Menotti-Raymond, G. Nelson, D. Goldstein, and S. J. O'Brien
Genomic Microsatellites as Evolutionary Chronometers: A Test in Wild Cats
Genome Res., March 1, 2002; 12(3): 414 - 423.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

C. Schlotterer
A Microsatellite-Based Multilocus Screen for the Identification of Local Selective Sweeps
Genetics, February 1, 2002; 160(2): 753 - 763.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A.-C. Thuillet, D. Bru, J. David, P. Roumet, S. Santoni, P. Sourdille, and T. Bataillon
Direct Estimation of Mutation Rate for 10 Microsatellite Loci in Durum Wheat, Triticum turgidum (L.) Thell. ssp durum desf
Mol. Biol. Evol., January 1, 2002; 19(1): 122 - 125.
[Full Text] [PDF]

H. P. Ji and M.-C. King
A functional assay for mutations in tumor suppressor genes caused by mismatch repair deficiency
Hum. Mol. Genet., November 1, 2001; 10(24): 2737 - 2743.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. P. Calabrese, R. T. Durrett, and C. F. Aquadro
Dynamics of Microsatellite Divergence Under Stepwise Mutation and Proportional Slippage/Point Mutation Models
Genetics, October 1, 2001; 159(2): 839 - 852.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. V. Katti, P. K. Ranjekar, and V. S. Gupta
Differential Distribution of Simple Sequence Repeats in Eukaryotic Genome Sequences
Mol. Biol. Evol., July 1, 2001; 18(7): 1161 - 1167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

T. J. Lott and M. M. Effat
Evidence for a more recently evolved clade within a Candida albicans North American population
Microbiology, June 1, 2001; 147(6): 1687 - 1692.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. A. Mansour, C. Tornier, E. Lehmann, M. Darmon, and O. Fleck
Control of GT Repeat Stability in Schizosaccharomyces pombe by Mismatch Repair Factors
Genetics, May 1, 2001; 158(1): 77 - 85.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

M. L. Rolfsmeier, M. J. Dixon, L. Pessoa-Brandão, R. Pelletier, J. J. Miret, and R. S. Lahue
Cis-Elements Governing Trinucleotide Repeat Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetics, April 1, 2001; 157(4): 1569 - 1579.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

A. L. Bacon, S. M. Farrington, and M. G. Dunlop
Sequence interruptions confer differential stability at microsatellite alleles in mismatch repair-deficient cells
Hum. Mol. Genet., November 1, 2000; 9(18): 2707 - 2713.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

R. J. Kokoska, L. Stefanovic, J. DeMai, and T. D. Petes
Increased Rates of Genomic Deletions Generated by Mutations in the Yeast Gene Encoding DNA Polymerase delta or by Decreases in the Cellular Levels of DNA Polymerase delta
Mol. Cell. Biol., October 15, 2000; 20(20): 7490 - 7504.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

P Bennett
Demystified ...: Microsatellites
Mol. Pathol., August 1, 2000; 53(4): 177 - 183.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

B. Harr and C. Schlötterer
Long Microsatellite Alleles in Drosophila melanogaster Have a Downward Mutation Bias and Short Persistence Times, Which Cause Their Genome-Wide Underrepresentation
Genetics, July 1, 2000; 155(3): 1213 - 1220.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

C.-G. Gendrel, A. Boulet, and M. Dutreix
(CA/GT)n microsatellites affect homologous recombination during yeast meiosis
Genes & Dev., May 15, 2000; 14(10): 1261 - 1268.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

S. E. Hile, G. Yan, and K. A. Eckert
Somatic Mutation Rates and Specificities at TC/AG and GT/CA Microsatellite Sequences in Nontumorigenic Human Lymphoblastoid Cells
Cancer Res., March 1, 2000; 60(6): 1698 - 1703.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

R. Sturzeneker, R. A.U. Bevilacqua, L. A. Haddad, A. J.G. Simpson, and S. D.J. Pena
Microsatellite instability in tumors as a model to study the process of microsatellite mutations
Hum. Mol. Genet., February 12, 2000; 9(3): 347 - 352.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

G. T. Marsischky and R. D. Kolodner
Biochemical Characterization of the Interaction between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH2-MSH6 Complex and Mispaired Bases in DNA
J. Biol. Chem., September 17, 1999; 274(38): 26668 - 26682.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. K. Schweitzer and D. M. Livingston
The Effect of DNA Replication Mutations on CAG Tract Stability in Yeast
Genetics, July 1, 1999; 152(3): 953 - 963.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

I. Colson and D. B. Goldstein
Evidence for Complex Mutations at Microsatellite Loci in Drosophila
Genetics, June 1, 1999; 152(2): 617 - 627.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

C. D. Twerdi, J. C. Boyer, and R. A. Farber
Relative rates of insertion and deletion mutations in a microsatellite sequence in cultured cells
PNAS, March 16, 1999; 96(6): 2875 - 2879.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Sommer, C. M. Stith, P. M. J. Burgers, and R. S. Lahue Partial reconstitution of DNA large loop repair with purified proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nucleic Acids Res., July 15, 2008; (2008) gkn446v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Lynch, W. Sung, K. Morris, N. Coffey, C. R. Landry, E. B. Dopman, W. J. Dickinson, K. Okamoto, S. Kulkarni, D. L. Hartl, et al. From the Cover: A genome-wide view of the spectrum of spontaneous mutations in yeast PNAS, July 8, 2008; 105(27): 9272 - 9277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. L. Seyfert, M. E. A. Cristescu, L. Frisse, S. Schaack, W. K. Thomas, and M. Lynch The Rate and Spectrum of Microsatellite Mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans and Daphnia pulex Genetics, April 1, 2008; 178(4): 2113 - 2121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-J. Han and P. de Lanerolle Naturally Extended CT {middle dot} AG Repeats Increase H-DNA Structures and Promoter Activity in the Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase Gene Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2008; 28(2): 863 - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Legendre, N. Pochet, T. Pak, and K. J. Verstrepen Sequence-based estimation of minisatellite and microsatellite repeat variability Genome Res., December 1, 2007; 17(12): 1787 - 1796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. McConnell, S. Middlemist, C. Scala, J. E. Strassmann, and D. C. Queller An Unusually Low Microsatellite Mutation Rate in Dictyostelium discoideum, an Organism With Unusually Abundant Microsatellites Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1499 - 1507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Wang, J. Xu, L. Xu, B. Yue, and F. Zou The instability of (GpT)n and (ApC)n microsatellites induced by formaldehyde in Escherichia coli Mutagenesis, September 1, 2007; 22(5): 353 - 357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. G. M. Doxiadis, N. de Groot, F. H. J. Claas, I. I. N. Doxiadis, J. J. van Rood, and R. E. Bontrop A highly divergent microsatellite facilitating fast and accurate DRB haplotyping in humans and rhesus macaques PNAS, May 22, 2007; 104(21): 8907 - 8912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Y. Abdurakhmonov, F. N. Kushanov, F. Djaniqulov, Z. T. Buriev, A. E. Pepper, N. Fayzieva, G. T. Mavlonov, S. Saha, J. N. Jenkins, and A. Abdukarimov The Role of Induced Mutation in Conversion of Photoperiod Dependence in Cotton J. Hered., May 1, 2007; 98(3): 258 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Rajendrakumar, A. K. Biswal, S. M. Balachandran, K. Srinivasarao, and R. M. Sundaram Simple sequence repeats in organellar genomes of rice: frequency and distribution in genic and intergenic regions Bioinformatics, January 1, 2007; 23(1): 1 - 4. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Paun and E. Horandl Evolution of Hypervariable Microsatellites in Apomictic Polyploid Lineages of Ranunculus carpaticola: Directional Bias at Dinucleotide Loci Genetics, September 1, 2006; 174(1): 387 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Marshall and R. E. Weiss A Bayesian Heterogeneous Analysis of Variance Approach to Inferring Recent Selective Sweeps Genetics, August 1, 2006; 173(4): 2357 - 2370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. Vogler, C. Keys, Y. Nemoto, R. E. Colman, Z. Jay, and P. Keim Effect of Repeat Copy Number on Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Mutations in Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. Bacteriol., June 1, 2006; 188(12): 4253 - 4263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Imwong, D. Sudimack, S. Pukrittayakamee, L. Osorio, J. M. Carlton, N. P. J. Day, N. J. White, and T. J. C. Anderson Microsatellite Variation, Repeat Array Length, and Population History of Plasmodium vivax Mol. Biol. Evol., May 1, 2006; 23(5): 1016 - 1018. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-H. Mun, D.-J. Kim, H.-K. Choi, J. Gish, F. Debelle, J. Mudge, R. Denny, G. Endre, O. Saurat, A.-M. Dudez, et al. Distribution of Microsatellites in the Genome of Medicago truncatula: A Resource of Genetic Markers That Integrate Genetic and Physical Maps Genetics, April 1, 2006; 172(4): 2541 - 2555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A.-C. Thuillet, T. Bataillon, S. Poirier, S. Santoni, and J. L. David Estimation of Long-Term Effective Population Sizes Through the History of Durum Wheat Using Microsatellite Data Genetics, March 1, 2005; 169(3): 1589 - 1599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Karaoglu, C. M. Y. Lee, and W. Meyer Survey of Simple Sequence Repeats in Completed Fungal Genomes Mol. Biol. Evol., March 1, 2005; 22(3): 639 - 649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Perez, F. Cruz, and P. Presa Distribution Properties of Polymononucleotide Repeats in Molluscan Genomes J. Hered., January 1, 2005; 96(1): 40 - 51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. D. Prasad, M. Muthulakshmi, M. Madhu, S. Archak, K. Mita, and J. Nagaraju Survey and Analysis of Microsatellites in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori: Frequency, Distribution, Mutations, Marker Potential and Their Conservation in Heterologous Species Genetics, January 1, 2005; 169(1): 197 - 214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Dettman and J. W. Taylor Mutation and Evolution of Microsatellite Loci in Neurospora Genetics, November 1, 2004; 168(3): 1231 - 1248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Martin, L. Sun, D. W. Hood, and E. R. Moxon Involvement of genes of genome maintenance in the regulation of phase variation frequencies in Neisseria meningitidis Microbiology, September 1, 2004; 150(9): 3001 - 3012. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Sainudiin, R. T. Durrett, C. F. Aquadro, and R. Nielsen Microsatellite Mutation Models: Insights From a Comparison of Humans and Chimpanzees Genetics, September 1, 2004; 168(1): 383 - 395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-M. Huang, S.-U. Chen, S. D. Goodman, S.-H. Wu, J.-T. Kao, C.-N. Lee, W.-C. Cheng, K.-S. Tsai, and W.-h. Fang Interaction of Nick-directed DNA Mismatch Repair and Loop Repair in Human Cells J. Biol. Chem., July 16, 2004; 279(29): 30228 - 30235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Lippert, J. A. Freedman, M. A. Barber, and S. Jinks-Robertson Identification of a Distinctive Mutation Spectrum Associated with High Levels of Transcription in Yeast Mol. Cell. Biol., June 1, 2004; 24(11): 4801 - 4809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Estes, P. C. Phillips, D. R. Denver, W. K. Thomas, and M. Lynch Mutation Accumulation in Populations of Varying Size: The Distribution of Mutational Effects for Fitness Correlates in Caenorhabditis elegans Genetics, March 1, 2004; 166(3): 1269 - 1279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Lai and F. Sun The Relationship Between Microsatellite Slippage Mutation Rate and the Number of Repeat Units Mol. Biol. Evol., December 1, 2003; 20(12): 2123 - 2131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. V. Symonds and A. M. Lloyd An Analysis of Microsatellite Loci in Arabidopsis thaliana: Mutational Dynamics and Application Genetics, November 1, 2003; 165(3): 1475 - 1488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. A. Gutierrez and T. S.-F. Wang Genomic Instability Induced by Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae POL1 Genetics, September 1, 2003; 165(1): 65 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Whittaker, R. M. Harbord, N. Boxall, I. Mackay, G. Dawson, and R. M. Sibly Likelihood-Based Estimation of Microsatellite Mutation Rates Genetics, June 1, 2003; 164(2): 781 - 787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N.A. Yamada, A. Castro, and R.A. Farber Variation in the extent of microsatellite instability in human cell lines with defects in different mismatch repair genes Mutagenesis, May 1, 2003; 18(3): 277 - 282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]