Genesis and Variability of [PS1] Prion Factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

INVESTIGATIONS

Genesis and Variability of [PS1] Prion Factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

I. L. Derkatch, Y. O. Chernoff, V. V. Kushnirov, S. G. Inge-Vechtomov and S. W. Liebman
Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, Laboratory of Physiological Genetics, Department of Genetics, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia

We have previously shown that multicopy plasmids containing the complete SUP35 gene are able to induce the appearance of the non-Mendelian factor [PS1]. This result was later interpreted by others as a crucial piece of evidence for a model postulating that [PS1] is a self-modified, prion-like conformational derivative of the Sup35 protein. Here we support this interpretation by proving that it is the overproduction of Sup35 protein, and not the excess of SUP35 DNA or mRNA that causes the appearance of [PS1]. We also show that the ``prion-inducing domain'' of Sup35p is in the N-terminal region, which, like the ``prion-inducing domain'' of another yeast prion, Ure2p, was previously shown to be distinct from the functional domain of the protein. This suggests that such a chimeric organization may be a common pattern of some prion elements. Finally, we find that [PS1] factors of different efficiencies and different mitotic stabilities are induced in the same yeast strain by overproduction of the identical Sup35 protein. We suggest that the different [PS1]-containing derivatives are analogous to the mysterious mammalian prion strains and result from different conformational variants of Sup35p.

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				Q. Fan, K.-W. Park, Z. Du, K. A. Morano, and L. Li The Role of Sse1 in the de Novo Formation and Variant Determination of the [PSI+] Prion Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1583 - 1593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. M. H. Tank, D. A. Harris, A. A. Desai, and H. L. True Prion Protein Repeat Expansion Results in Increased Aggregation and Reveals Phenotypic Variability Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2007; 27(15): 5445 - 5455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Sen, U. Baxa, M. N. Simon, J. S. Wall, R. Sabate, S. J. Saupe, and A. C. Steven Mass Analysis by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Diffraction Validate Predictions of Stacked beta-Solenoid Model of HET-s Prion Fibrils J. Biol. Chem., February 23, 2007; 282(8): 5545 - 5550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Chen, G. P. Newnam, and Y. O. Chernoff Prion species barrier between the closely related yeast proteins is detected despite coaggregation PNAS, February 20, 2007; 104(8): 2791 - 2796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Krzewska, M. Tanaka, S. G. Burston, and R. Melki Biochemical and Functional Analysis of the Assembly of Full-length Sup35p and Its Prion-forming Domain J. Biol. Chem., January 19, 2007; 282(3): 1679 - 1686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Shewmaker, R. B. Wickner, and R. Tycko Amyloid of the prion domain of Sup35p has an in-register parallel beta-sheet structure PNAS, December 26, 2006; 103(52): 19754 - 19759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Atarashi, V. L. Sim, N. Nishida, B. Caughey, and S. Katamine Prion strain-dependent differences in conversion of mutant prion proteins in cell culture. J. Virol., August 1, 2006; 80(16): 7854 - 7862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K.-W. Park, J.-S. Hahn, Q. Fan, D. J. Thiele, and L. Li De Novo Appearance and "Strain" Formation of Yeast Prion [PSI+] Are Regulated by the Heat-Shock Transcription Factor Genetics, May 1, 2006; 173(1): 35 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. F. Zenthon, F. Ness, B. Cox, and M. F. Tuite The [PSI+] Prion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Can Be Propagated by an Hsp104 Orthologue from Candida albicans Eukaryot. Cell, February 1, 2006; 5(2): 217 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. S. Shkundina, V. V. Kushnirov, M. F. Tuite, and M. D. Ter-Avanesyan The Role of the N-Terminal Oligopeptide Repeats of the Yeast Sup35 Prion Protein in Propagation and Transmission of Prion Variants Genetics, February 1, 2006; 172(2): 827 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. E. Ganusova, L. N. Ozolins, S. Bhagat, G. P. Newnam, R. D. Wegrzyn, M. Y. Sherman, and Y. O. Chernoff Modulation of Prion Formation, Aggregation, and Toxicity by the Actin Cytoskeleton in Yeast Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2006; 26(2): 617 - 629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. D. Ross, H. K. Edskes, M. J. Terry, and R. B. Wickner Primary sequence independence for prion formation PNAS, September 6, 2005; 102(36): 12825 - 12830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Talarek, L. Maillet, C. Cullin, and M. Aigle The [URE3] Prion Is Not Conserved Among Saccharomyces Species Genetics, September 1, 2005; 171(1): 23 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Diaz-Avalos, C.-Y. King, J. Wall, M. Simon, and D. L. D. Caspar Strain-specific morphologies of yeast prion amyloid fibrils PNAS, July 19, 2005; 102(29): 10165 - 10170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. C. Gokhale, G. P. Newnam, M. Y. Sherman, and Y. O. Chernoff Modulation of Prion-dependent Polyglutamine Aggregation and Toxicity by Chaperone Proteins in the Yeast Model J. Biol. Chem., June 17, 2005; 280(24): 22809 - 22818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. D. Allen, R. D. Wegrzyn, T. A. Chernova, S. Muller, G. P. Newnam, P. A. Winslett, K. B. Wittich, K. D. Wilkinson, and Y. O. Chernoff Hsp70 Chaperones as Modulators of Prion Life Cycle: Novel Effects of Ssa and Ssb on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Prion [PSI+] Genetics, March 1, 2005; 169(3): 1227 - 1242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Bagriantsev and S. W. Liebman Specificity of Prion Assembly in Vivo: [PSI+] AND [PIN+] FORM SEPARATE STRUCTURES IN YEAST J. Biol. Chem., December 3, 2004; 279(49): 51042 - 51048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. L. Derkatch, S. M. Uptain, T. F. Outeiro, R. Krishnan, S. L. Lindquist, and S. W. Liebman Effects of Q/N-rich, polyQ, and non-polyQ amyloids on the de novo formation of the [PSI+] prion in yeast and aggregation of Sup35 in vitro PNAS, August 31, 2004; 101(35): 12934 - 12939. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Kimura, S. Koitabashi, A. Kakizuka, and T. Fujita The role of pre-existing aggregates in Hsp104-dependent polyglutamine aggregate formation and epigenetic change of yeast prions Genes Cells, August 1, 2004; 9(8): 685 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Jones, Y. Song, S. Chung, and D. C. Masison Propagation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [PSI+] Prion Is Impaired by Factors That Regulate Hsp70 Substrate Binding Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2004; 24(9): 3928 - 3937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. C. Schirmer, O. R. Homann, A. S. Kowal, and S. Lindquist Dominant Gain-of-Function Mutations in Hsp104p Reveal Crucial Roles for the Middle Region Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2004; 15(5): 2061 - 2072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. B. Wickner, H. K. Edskes, B. T. Roberts, U. Baxa, M. M. Pierce, E. D. Ross, and A. Brachmann Prions: proteins as genes and infectious entities Genes & Dev., March 1, 2004; 18(5): 470 - 485. [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Lalucque and P. Silar Incomplete Penetrance and Variable Expressivity of a Growth Defect as a Consequence of Knocking Out Two K+ Transporters in the Euascomycete Fungus Podospora anserina Genetics, January 1, 2004; 166(1): 125 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. A. Chernova, K. D. Allen, L. M. Wesoloski, J. R. Shanks, Y. O. Chernoff, and K. D. Wilkinson Pleiotropic Effects of Ubp6 Loss on Drug Sensitivities and Yeast Prion Are Due to Depletion of the Free Ubiquitin Pool J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 2003; 278(52): 52102 - 52115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. Kryndushkin, I. M. Alexandrov, M. D. Ter-Avanesyan, and V. V. Kushnirov Yeast [PSI+] Prion Aggregates Are Formed by Small Sup35 Polymers Fragmented by Hsp104 J. Biol. Chem., December 5, 2003; 278(49): 49636 - 49643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Bradley and S. W. Liebman Destabilizing Interactions Among [PSI+] and [PIN+] Yeast Prion Variants Genetics, December 1, 2003; 165(4): 1675 - 1685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]