Evolution of Mouse T-box Genes by Tandem Duplication and Cluster Dispersion

INVESTIGATIONS

Evolution of Mouse T-box Genes by Tandem Duplication and Cluster Dispersion

S. I. Agulnik, N. Garvey, S. Hancock, I. Ruvinsky, D. L. Chapman, I. Agulnik, R. Bollag, V. Papaioannou and L. M. Silver
Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1014

The T-box genes comprise an ancient family of putative transcription factors conserved across species as divergent as Mus musculus and Caenorhabditis elegans. All T-box gene products are characterized by a novel 174-186-amino acid DNA binding domain called the T-box that was first discovered in the polypeptide products of the mouse T locus and the Drosophila melanogaster optomotor-blind gene. Earlier studies allowed the identification of five mouse T-box genes, T, Tbx1-3, and Tbr1, that all map to different chromosomal locations and are expressed in unique temporal and spatial patterns during embryogenesis. Here, we report the discovery of three new members of the mouse T-box gene family, named Tbx4, Tbx5, and Tbx6. Two of these newly discovered genes, Tbx4 and Tbx5, were found to be tightly linked to previously identified T-box genes. Combined results from phylogenetic, linkage, and physical mapping studies provide a picture for the evolution of a T-box subfamily by unequal crossing over to form a two-gene cluster that was duplicated and dispersed to two chromosomal locations. This analysis suggests that Tbx4 and Tbx5 are cognate genes that diverged apart from a common ancestral gene during early vertebrate evolution.

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				W. M.H Hoogaars, A. Tessari, A. F.M Moorman, P. A.J de Boer, J. Hagoort, A. T Soufan, M. Campione, and V. M Christoffels The transcriptional repressor Tbx3 delineates the developing central conduction system of the heart Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2004; 62(3): 489 - 499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				H. Carlson, S. Ota, C. E. Campbell, and P. J. Hurlin A dominant repression domain in Tbx3 mediates transcriptional repression and cell immortalization: relevance to mutations in Tbx3 that cause ulnar-mammary syndrome Hum. Mol. Genet., October 1, 2001; 10(21): 2403 - 2413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. K. Ghosh, E. A. Packham, A. J. Bonser, T. E. Robinson, S. J. Cross, and J. D. Brook Characterization of the TBX5 binding site and analysis of mutations that cause Holt-Oram syndrome Hum. Mol. Genet., September 1, 2001; 10(18): 1983 - 1994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				K. Koshiba-Takeuchi, J. K. Takeuchi, K. Matsumoto, T. Momose, K. Uno, V. Hoepker, K. Ogura, N. Takahashi, H. Nakamura, K. Yasuda, et al. Tbx5 and the Retinotectum Projection Science, January 7, 2000; 287(5450): 134 - 137. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M.-l. He, L. Wen, C. E. Campbell, J. Y. Wu, and Y. Rao Transcription repression by Xenopus ET and its human ortholog TBX3, a gene involved in ulnar-mammary syndrome PNAS, August 31, 1999; 96(18): 10212 - 10217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. T. Basson, T. Huang, R. C. Lin, D. R. Bachinsky, S. Weremowicz, A. Vaglio, R. Bruzzone, R. Quadrelli, M. Lerone, G. Romeo, et al. Different TBX5 interactions in heart and limb defined by Holt-Oram syndrome mutations PNAS, March 16, 1999; 96(6): 2919 - 2924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Logan, H. Simon, and C Tabin Differential regulation of T-box and homeobox transcription factors suggests roles in controlling chick limb-type identity Development, January 8, 1998; 125(15): 2825 - 2835. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Gibson-Brown, S. Agulnik, L. Silver, L Niswander, and V. Papaioannou Involvement of T-box genes Tbx2-Tbx5 in vertebrate limb specification and development Development, January 7, 1998; 125(13): 2499 - 2509. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A Isaac, C Rodriguez-Esteban, A Ryan, M Altabef, T Tsukui, K Patel, C Tickle, and J. Izpisua-Belmonte Tbx genes and limb identity in chick embryo development Development, January 5, 1998; 125(10): 1867 - 1875. [Abstract] [PDF]

				H Ohuchi, J Takeuchi, H Yoshioka, Y Ishimaru, K Ogura, N Takahashi, T Ogura, and S Noji Correlation of wing-leg identity in ectopic FGF-induced chimeric limbs with the differential expression of chick Tbx5 and Tbx4 Development, January 1, 1998; 125(1): 51 - 60. [Abstract] [PDF]

				H. Simon, R Kittappa, P. Khan, C Tsilfidis, R. Liversage, and S Oppenheimer A novel family of T-box genes in urodele amphibian limb development and regeneration: candidate genes involved in vertebrate forelimb/hindlimb patterning Development, January 4, 1997; 124(7): 1355 - 1366. [Abstract] [PDF]

				V Knezevic, R De Santo, and S Mackem Two novel chick T-box genes related to mouse Brachyury are expressed in different, non-overlapping mesodermal domains during gastrulation Development, January 1, 1997; 124(2): 411 - 419. [Abstract] [PDF]