Isolation of Arabidopsis Mutants With Enhanced Disease Susceptibility by Direct Screening

INVESTIGATIONS

Isolation of Arabidopsis Mutants With Enhanced Disease Susceptibility by Direct Screening

J. Glazebrook, E. E. Rogers and F. M. Ausubel
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114

To discover which components of plant defense responses make significant contributions to limiting pathogen attack, we screened a mutagenized population of Arabidopsis thaliana for individuals that exhibit increased susceptibility to the moderately virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 (Psm ES4326). The 12 enhanced disease susceptibility (eds) mutants isolated included alleles of two genes involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis (pad2, which had been identified previously, and pad4, which had not been identified previously), two alleles of the previously identified npr1 gene, which affects expression of other defense genes, and alleles of seven previously unidentified genes of unknown function. The npr1 mutations caused greatly reduced expression of the PR1 gene in response to PsmES4326 infection, but had little effect on expression of two other defense genes, BGL2 and PR5, suggesting that PR1 expression may be important for limiting growth of PsmES4326. While direct screens for mutants with quantitative pathogen-susceptibility phenotypes have not been reported previously, our finding that mutants isolated in this way include those affected in known defense responses supports the notion that this type of screening strategy allows genetic dissection of the roles of various plant defense responses in disease resistance.

This article has been cited by other articles:

M.-H. Weech, M. Chapleau, L. Pan, C. Ide, and J. C. Bede
Caterpillar saliva interferes with induced Arabidopsis thaliana defence responses via the systemic acquired resistance pathway
J. Exp. Bot., June 1, 2008; 59(9): 2437 - 2448.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Chern, P. E. Canlas, and P. C. Ronald
Strong Suppression of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Arabidopsis by NRR is Dependent on its Ability to Interact with NPR1and its Putative Repression Domain
Mol Plant, May 1, 2008; 1(3): 552 - 559.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

T. K. Eitas, Z. L. Nimchuk, and J. L. Dangl
Arabidopsis TAO1 is a TIR-NB-LRR protein that contributes to disease resistance induced by the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB
PNAS, April 29, 2008; 105(17): 6475 - 6480.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Lu, L. J. Savage, I. Ajjawi, K. M. Imre, D. W. Yoder, C. Benning, D. DellaPenna, J. B. Ohlrogge, K. W. Osteryoung, A. P. Weber, et al.
New Connections across Pathways and Cellular Processes: Industrialized Mutant Screening Reveals Novel Associations between Diverse Phenotypes in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, April 1, 2008; 146(4): 1482 - 1500.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. H. Spoel, J. S. Johnson, and X. Dong
Regulation of tradeoffs between plant defenses against pathogens with different lifestyles
PNAS, November 20, 2007; 104(47): 18842 - 18847.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. M. Jones, S. E. Lindow, and M. C. Wildermuth
Salicylic Acid, Yersiniabactin, and Pyoverdin Production by the Model Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000: Synthesis, Regulation, and Impact on Tomato and Arabidopsis Host Plants
J. Bacteriol., October 1, 2007; 189(19): 6773 - 6786.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. Mao, M. Duan, C. Wei, and Y. Li
WRKY62 Transcription Factor Acts Downstream of Cytosolic NPR1 and Negatively Regulates Jasmonate-Responsive Gene Expression
Plant Cell Physiol., June 1, 2007; 48(6): 833 - 842.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Nafisi, S. Goregaoker, C. J. Botanga, E. Glawischnig, C. E. Olsen, B. A. Halkier, and J. Glazebrook
Arabidopsis Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase 71A13 Catalyzes the Conversion of Indole-3-Acetaldoxime in Camalexin Synthesis
PLANT CELL, June 1, 2007; 19(6): 2039 - 2052.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

K. Nobuta, R.A. Okrent, M. Stoutemyer, N. Rodibaugh, L. Kempema, M.C. Wildermuth, and R.W. Innes
The GH3 Acyl Adenylase Family Member PBS3 Regulates Salicylic Acid-Dependent Defense Responses in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, June 1, 2007; 144(2): 1144 - 1156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

K.-C. Kim, B. Fan, and Z. Chen
Pathogen-Induced Arabidopsis WRKY7 Is a Transcriptional Repressor and Enhances Plant Susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae
Plant Physiology, November 1, 2006; 142(3): 1180 - 1192.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Wang, B.-W. Yun, E. Kwon, J. K. Hong, J. Yoon, and G. J Loake
S-Nitrosylation: an emerging redox-based post-translational modification in plants
J. Exp. Bot., May 1, 2006; 57(8): 1777 - 1784.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

X. Xu, C. Chen, B. Fan, and Z. Chen
Physical and Functional Interactions between Pathogen-Induced Arabidopsis WRKY18, WRKY40, and WRKY60 Transcription Factors
PLANT CELL, May 1, 2006; 18(5): 1310 - 1326.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Kobae, T. Sekino, H. Yoshioka, T. Nakagawa, E. Martinoia, and M. Maeshima
Loss of AtPDR8, a Plasma Membrane ABC Transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana, Causes Hypersensitive Cell Death Upon Pathogen Infection
Plant Cell Physiol., March 1, 2006; 47(3): 309 - 318.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

K. Yoshioka, W. Moeder, H.-G. Kang, P. Kachroo, K. Masmoudi, G. Berkowitz, and D. F. Klessig
The Chimeric Arabidopsis CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED ION CHANNEL11/12 Activates Multiple Pathogen Resistance Responses
PLANT CELL, March 1, 2006; 18(3): 747 - 763.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. J. Love, B. W. Yun, V. Laval, G. J. Loake, and J. J. Milner
Cauliflower mosaic virus, a Compatible Pathogen of Arabidopsis, Engages Three Distinct Defense-Signaling Pathways and Activates Rapid Systemic Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species
Plant Physiology, October 1, 2005; 139(2): 935 - 948.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. C. Diener and F. M. Ausubel
RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM 1, a Dominant Arabidopsis Disease-Resistance Gene, Is Not Race Specific
Genetics, September 1, 2005; 171(1): 305 - 321.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

C. Morita-Yamamuro, T. Tsutsui, M. Sato, H. Yoshioka, M. Tamaoki, D. Ogawa, H. Matsuura, T. Yoshihara, A. Ikeda, I. Uyeda, et al.
The Arabidopsis Gene CAD1 Controls Programmed Cell Death in the Plant Immune System and Encodes a Protein Containing a MACPF Domain
Plant Cell Physiol., June 1, 2005; 46(6): 902 - 912.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. Feechan, E. Kwon, B.-W. Yun, Y. Wang, J. A. Pallas, and G. J. Loake
A central role for S-nitrosothiols in plant disease resistance
PNAS, May 31, 2005; 102(22): 8054 - 8059.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

R. R. Weigel, U. M. Pfitzner, and C. Gatz
Interaction of NIMIN1 with NPR1 Modulates PR Gene Expression in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, April 1, 2005; 17(4): 1279 - 1291.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Zhang and X. Li
A Putative Nucleoporin 96 Is Required for Both Basal Defense and Constitutive Resistance Responses Mediated by suppressor of npr1-1,constitutive 1
PLANT CELL, April 1, 2005; 17(4): 1306 - 1316.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Z. Huang, J. M. Yeakley, E. W. Garcia, J. D. Holdridge, J.-B. Fan, and S. A. Whitham
Salicylic Acid-Dependent Expression of Host Genes in Compatible Arabidopsis-Virus Interactions
Plant Physiology, March 1, 2005; 137(3): 1147 - 1159.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

O. Rowland, A. A. Ludwig, C. J. Merrick, F. Baillieul, F. E. Tracy, W. E. Durrant, L. Fritz-Laylin, V. Nekrasov, K. Sjolander, H. Yoshioka, et al.
Functional Analysis of Avr9/Cf-9 Rapidly Elicited Genes Identifies a Protein Kinase, ACIK1, That Is Essential for Full Cf-9-Dependent Disease Resistance in Tomato
PLANT CELL, January 1, 2005; 17(1): 295 - 310.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Guan and E. A. Nothnagel
Binding of Arabinogalactan Proteins by Yariv Phenylglycoside Triggers Wound-Like Responses in Arabidopsis Cell Cultures
Plant Physiology, July 1, 2004; 135(3): 1346 - 1366.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

T. Eulgem, V. J. Weigman, H.-S. Chang, J. M. McDowell, E. B. Holub, J. Glazebrook, T. Zhu, and J. L. Dangl
Gene Expression Signatures from Three Genetically Separable Resistance Gene Signaling Pathways for Downy Mildew Resistance
Plant Physiology, June 1, 2004; 135(2): 1129 - 1144.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. Nandi, R. Welti, and J. Shah
The Arabidopsis thaliana Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Reductase Gene SUPPRESSOR OF FATTY ACID DESATURASE DEFICIENCY1 Is Required for Glycerolipid Metabolism and for the Activation of Systemic Acquired Resistance
PLANT CELL, February 1, 2004; 16(2): 465 - 477.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. T. Song, H. Lu, and J. T. Greenberg
Divergent Roles in Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Defense of Two Homologous Genes, ABERRANT GROWTH AND DEATH2 and AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1, Encoding Novel Aminotransferases
PLANT CELL, February 1, 2004; 16(2): 353 - 366.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. Kumar and D. F. Klessig
High-affinity salicylic acid-binding protein 2 is required for plant innate immunity and has salicylic acid-stimulated lipase activity
PNAS, December 23, 2003; 100(26): 16101 - 16106.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Zhang, M. J. Tessaro, M. Lassner, and X. Li
Knockout Analysis of Arabidopsis Transcription Factors TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6 Reveals Their Redundant and Essential Roles in Systemic Acquired Resistance
PLANT CELL, November 1, 2003; 15(11): 2647 - 2653.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Zhang, S. Goritschnig, X. Dong, and X. Li
A Gain-of-Function Mutation in a Plant Disease Resistance Gene Leads to Constitutive Activation of Downstream Signal Transduction Pathways in suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1
PLANT CELL, November 1, 2003; 15(11): 2636 - 2646.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. J. O'Donnell, E. Schmelz, A. Block, O. Miersch, C. Wasternack, J. B. Jones, and H. J. Klee
Multiple Hormones Act Sequentially to Mediate a Susceptible Tomato Pathogen Defense Response
Plant Physiology, November 1, 2003; 133(3): 1181 - 1189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. Nandi, K. Krothapalli, C. M. Buseman, M. Li, R. Welti, A. Enyedi, and J. Shah
Arabidopsis sfd Mutants Affect Plastidic Lipid Composition and Suppress Dwarfing, Cell Death, and the Enhanced Disease Resistance Phenotypes Resulting from the Deficiency of a Fatty Acid Desaturase
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2003; 15(10): 2383 - 2398.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

N. A. Eckardt
A New Twist on Systemic Acquired Resistance: Redox Control of the NPR1-TGA1 Interaction by Salicylic Acid
PLANT CELL, September 1, 2003; 15(9): 1947 - 1949.
[Full Text] [PDF]

C. Despres, C. Chubak, A. Rochon, R. Clark, T. Bethune, D. Desveaux, and P. R. Fobert
The Arabidopsis NPR1 Disease Resistance Protein Is a Novel Cofactor That Confers Redox Regulation of DNA Binding Activity to the Basic Domain/Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor TGA1
PLANT CELL, September 1, 2003; 15(9): 2181 - 2191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

G. Jakab, A. Manrique, L. Zimmerli, J.-P. Metraux, and B. Mauch-Mani
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Lipase-Like Pathogen-Inducible Gene Family of Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, August 1, 2003; 132(4): 2230 - 2239.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. C.M. van Wees, H.-S. Chang, T. Zhu, and J. Glazebrook
Characterization of the Early Response of Arabidopsis to Alternaria brassicicola Infection Using Expression Profiling
Plant Physiology, June 1, 2003; 132(2): 606 - 617.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

B. Cooper, J. D. Clarke, P. Budworth, J. Kreps, D. Hutchison, S. Park, S. Guimil, M. Dunn, P. Luginbuhl, C. Ellero, et al.
A network of rice genes associated with stress response and seed development
PNAS, April 15, 2003; 100(8): 4945 - 4950.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Shirano, P. Kachroo, J. Shah, and D. F. Klessig
A Gain-of-Function Mutation in an Arabidopsis Toll Interleukin1 Receptor-Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine-Rich Repeat Type R Gene Triggers Defense Responses and Results in Enhanced Disease Resistance
PLANT CELL, December 1, 2002; 14(12): 3149 - 3162.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. X. Kover and B. A. Schaal
Genetic variation for disease resistance and tolerance among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions
PNAS, August 20, 2002; 99(17): 11270 - 11274.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

H. S. Kim and T. P. Delaney
Arabidopsis SON1 Is an F-Box Protein That Regulates a Novel Induced Defense Response Independent of Both Salicylic Acid and Systemic Acquired Resistance
PLANT CELL, July 1, 2002; 14(7): 1469 - 1482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

G. J. Rairdan and T. P. Delaney
Role of Salicylic Acid and NIM1/NPR1 in Race-Specific Resistance in Arabidopsis
Genetics, June 1, 2002; 161(2): 803 - 811.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

W. Fan and X. Dong
In Vivo Interaction between NPR1 and Transcription Factor TGA2 Leads to Salicylic Acid-Mediated Gene Activation in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, June 1, 2002; 14(6): 1377 - 1389.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. Cui, G. Jander, L. R. Racki, P. D. Kim, N. E. Pierce, and F. M. Ausubel
Signals Involved in Arabidopsis Resistance to Trichoplusia ni Caterpillars Induced by Virulent and Avirulent Strains of the Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae
Plant Physiology, June 1, 2002; 129(2): 551 - 564.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. S. Guttman, B. A. Vinatzer, S. F. Sarkar, M. V. Ranall, G. Kettler, and J. T. Greenberg
A Functional Screen for the Type III (Hrp) Secretome of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae
Science, March 1, 2002; 295(5560): 1722 - 1726.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

C. Nawrath, S. Heck, N. Parinthawong, and J.-P. Metraux
EDS5, an Essential Component of Salicylic Acid-Dependent Signaling for Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis, Is a Member of the MATE Transporter Family
PLANT CELL, January 1, 2002; 14(1): 275 - 286.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. D. Shapiro and C. Zhang
The Role of NDR1 in Avirulence Gene-Directed Signaling and Control of Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, November 1, 2001; 127(3): 1089 - 1101.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

C. Rusterucci, D. H. Aviv, B. F. Holt III, J. L. Dangl, and J. E. Parker
The Disease Resistance Signaling Components EDS1 and PAD4 Are Essential Regulators of the Cell Death Pathway Controlled by LSD1 in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2001; 13(10): 2211 - 2224.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

T. Genoud, M. B. Trevino Santa Cruz, and J.-P. Metraux
Numeric Simulation of Plant Signaling Networks
Plant Physiology, August 1, 2001; 126(4): 1430 - 1437.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. Kachroo, J. Shanklin, J. Shah, E. J. Whittle, and D. F. Klessig
A fatty acid desaturase modulates the activation of defense signaling pathways in plants
PNAS, July 31, 2001; 98(16): 9448 - 9453.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. Yu, C. Chen, and Z. Chen
Evidence for an Important Role of WRKY DNA Binding Proteins in the Regulation of NPR1 Gene Expression
PLANT CELL, July 1, 2001; 13(7): 1527 - 1540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Lu, X. Tang, and J.-M. Zhou
Arabidopsis NHO1 Is Required for General Resistance against Pseudomonas Bacteria
PLANT CELL, February 1, 2001; 13(2): 437 - 447.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

M. Kinkema, W. Fan, and X. Dong
Nuclear Localization of NPR1 Is Required for Activation of PR Gene Expression
PLANT CELL, December 1, 2000; 12(12): 2339 - 2350.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

E. Mayda, B. Mauch-Mani, and P. Vera
Arabidopsis dth9 Mutation Identifies a Gene Involved in Regulating Disease Susceptibility without Affecting Salicylic Acid-Dependent Responses
PLANT CELL, November 1, 2000; 12(11): 2119 - 2128.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

J. D. Clarke, S. M. Volko, H. Ledford, F. M. Ausubel, and X. Dong
Roles of Salicylic Acid, Jasmonic Acid, and Ethylene in cpr-Induced Resistance in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, November 1, 2000; 12(11): 2175 - 2190.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

T. Asai, J. M. Stone, J. E. Heard, Y. Kovtun, P. Yorgey, J. Sheen, and F. M. Ausubel
Fumonisin B1-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Requires Jasmonate-, Ethylene-, and Salicylate-Dependent Signaling Pathways
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2000; 12(10): 1823 - 1836.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

D. F. Klessig, J. Durner, R. Noad, D. A. Navarre, D. Wendehenne, D. Kumar, J. M. Zhou, J. Shah, S. Zhang, P. Kachroo, et al.
Nitric oxide and salicylic acid signaling in plant defense
PNAS, August 1, 2000; 97(16): 8849 - 8855.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. Kachroo, K. Yoshioka, J. Shah, H. K. Dooner, and D. F. Klessig
Resistance to Turnip Crinkle Virus in Arabidopsis Is Regulated by Two Host Genes and Is Salicylic Acid Dependent but NPR1, Ethylene, and Jasmonate Independent
PLANT CELL, May 1, 2000; 12(5): 677 - 690.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

C. Després, C. DeLong, S. Glaze, E. Liu, and P. R. Fobert
The Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 Protein Enhances the DNA Binding Activity of a Subgroup of the TGA Family of bZIP Transcription Factors
PLANT CELL, February 1, 2000; 12(2): 279 - 290.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

N. Zhou, T. L. Tootle, and J. Glazebrook
Arabidopsis PAD3, a Gene Required for Camalexin Biosynthesis, Encodes a Putative Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase
PLANT CELL, December 1, 1999; 11(12): 2419 - 2428.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

D. Jirage, T. L. Tootle, T. L. Reuber, L. N. Frost, B. J. Feys, J. E. Parker, F. M. Ausubel, and J. Glazebrook
Arabidopsis thaliana PAD4 encodes a lipase-like gene that is important for salicylic acid signaling
PNAS, November 9, 1999; 96(23): 13583 - 13588.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. P. Morrissey and A. E. Osbourn
Fungal Resistance to Plant Antibiotics as a Mechanism of Pathogenesis
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 1999; 63(3): 708 - 724.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. N. Rate, J. V. Cuenca, G. R. Bowman, D. S. Guttman, and J. T. Greenberg
The Gain-of-Function Arabidopsis acd6 Mutant Reveals Novel Regulation and Function of the Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway in Controlling Cell Death, Defenses, and Cell Growth
PLANT CELL, September 1, 1999; 11(9): 1695 - 1708.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

C. Nawrath and J.-P. Métraux
Salicylic Acid Induction–Deficient Mutants of Arabidopsis Express PR-2 and PR-5 and Accumulate High Levels of Camalexin after Pathogen Inoculation
PLANT CELL, August 1, 1999; 11(8): 1393 - 1404.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Chern, P. E. Canlas, and P. C. Ronald Strong Suppression of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Arabidopsis by NRR is Dependent on its Ability to Interact with NPR1and its Putative Repression Domain Mol Plant, May 1, 2008; 1(3): 552 - 559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. K. Eitas, Z. L. Nimchuk, and J. L. Dangl Arabidopsis TAO1 is a TIR-NB-LRR protein that contributes to disease resistance induced by the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB PNAS, April 29, 2008; 105(17): 6475 - 6480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Lu, L. J. Savage, I. Ajjawi, K. M. Imre, D. W. Yoder, C. Benning, D. DellaPenna, J. B. Ohlrogge, K. W. Osteryoung, A. P. Weber, et al. New Connections across Pathways and Cellular Processes: Industrialized Mutant Screening Reveals Novel Associations between Diverse Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, April 1, 2008; 146(4): 1482 - 1500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. H. Spoel, J. S. Johnson, and X. Dong Regulation of tradeoffs between plant defenses against pathogens with different lifestyles PNAS, November 20, 2007; 104(47): 18842 - 18847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Jones, S. E. Lindow, and M. C. Wildermuth Salicylic Acid, Yersiniabactin, and Pyoverdin Production by the Model Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000: Synthesis, Regulation, and Impact on Tomato and Arabidopsis Host Plants J. Bacteriol., October 1, 2007; 189(19): 6773 - 6786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Mao, M. Duan, C. Wei, and Y. Li WRKY62 Transcription Factor Acts Downstream of Cytosolic NPR1 and Negatively Regulates Jasmonate-Responsive Gene Expression Plant Cell Physiol., June 1, 2007; 48(6): 833 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Nafisi, S. Goregaoker, C. J. Botanga, E. Glawischnig, C. E. Olsen, B. A. Halkier, and J. Glazebrook Arabidopsis Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase 71A13 Catalyzes the Conversion of Indole-3-Acetaldoxime in Camalexin Synthesis PLANT CELL, June 1, 2007; 19(6): 2039 - 2052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Nobuta, R.A. Okrent, M. Stoutemyer, N. Rodibaugh, L. Kempema, M.C. Wildermuth, and R.W. Innes The GH3 Acyl Adenylase Family Member PBS3 Regulates Salicylic Acid-Dependent Defense Responses in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, June 1, 2007; 144(2): 1144 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K.-C. Kim, B. Fan, and Z. Chen Pathogen-Induced Arabidopsis WRKY7 Is a Transcriptional Repressor and Enhances Plant Susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae Plant Physiology, November 1, 2006; 142(3): 1180 - 1192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Wang, B.-W. Yun, E. Kwon, J. K. Hong, J. Yoon, and G. J Loake S-Nitrosylation: an emerging redox-based post-translational modification in plants J. Exp. Bot., May 1, 2006; 57(8): 1777 - 1784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Xu, C. Chen, B. Fan, and Z. Chen Physical and Functional Interactions between Pathogen-Induced Arabidopsis WRKY18, WRKY40, and WRKY60 Transcription Factors PLANT CELL, May 1, 2006; 18(5): 1310 - 1326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Kobae, T. Sekino, H. Yoshioka, T. Nakagawa, E. Martinoia, and M. Maeshima Loss of AtPDR8, a Plasma Membrane ABC Transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana, Causes Hypersensitive Cell Death Upon Pathogen Infection Plant Cell Physiol., March 1, 2006; 47(3): 309 - 318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Yoshioka, W. Moeder, H.-G. Kang, P. Kachroo, K. Masmoudi, G. Berkowitz, and D. F. Klessig The Chimeric Arabidopsis CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED ION CHANNEL11/12 Activates Multiple Pathogen Resistance Responses PLANT CELL, March 1, 2006; 18(3): 747 - 763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. Love, B. W. Yun, V. Laval, G. J. Loake, and J. J. Milner Cauliflower mosaic virus, a Compatible Pathogen of Arabidopsis, Engages Three Distinct Defense-Signaling Pathways and Activates Rapid Systemic Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Plant Physiology, October 1, 2005; 139(2): 935 - 948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. C. Diener and F. M. Ausubel RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM 1, a Dominant Arabidopsis Disease-Resistance Gene, Is Not Race Specific Genetics, September 1, 2005; 171(1): 305 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Morita-Yamamuro, T. Tsutsui, M. Sato, H. Yoshioka, M. Tamaoki, D. Ogawa, H. Matsuura, T. Yoshihara, A. Ikeda, I. Uyeda, et al. The Arabidopsis Gene CAD1 Controls Programmed Cell Death in the Plant Immune System and Encodes a Protein Containing a MACPF Domain Plant Cell Physiol., June 1, 2005; 46(6): 902 - 912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Feechan, E. Kwon, B.-W. Yun, Y. Wang, J. A. Pallas, and G. J. Loake A central role for S-nitrosothiols in plant disease resistance PNAS, May 31, 2005; 102(22): 8054 - 8059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. R. Weigel, U. M. Pfitzner, and C. Gatz Interaction of NIMIN1 with NPR1 Modulates PR Gene Expression in Arabidopsis PLANT CELL, April 1, 2005; 17(4): 1279 - 1291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Zhang and X. Li A Putative Nucleoporin 96 Is Required for Both Basal Defense and Constitutive Resistance Responses Mediated by suppressor of npr1-1,constitutive 1 PLANT CELL, April 1, 2005; 17(4): 1306 - 1316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Huang, J. M. Yeakley, E. W. Garcia, J. D. Holdridge, J.-B. Fan, and S. A. Whitham Salicylic Acid-Dependent Expression of Host Genes in Compatible Arabidopsis-Virus Interactions Plant Physiology, March 1, 2005; 137(3): 1147 - 1159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Rowland, A. A. Ludwig, C. J. Merrick, F. Baillieul, F. E. Tracy, W. E. Durrant, L. Fritz-Laylin, V. Nekrasov, K. Sjolander, H. Yoshioka, et al. Functional Analysis of Avr9/Cf-9 Rapidly Elicited Genes Identifies a Protein Kinase, ACIK1, That Is Essential for Full Cf-9-Dependent Disease Resistance in Tomato PLANT CELL, January 1, 2005; 17(1): 295 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Guan and E. A. Nothnagel Binding of Arabinogalactan Proteins by Yariv Phenylglycoside Triggers Wound-Like Responses in Arabidopsis Cell Cultures Plant Physiology, July 1, 2004; 135(3): 1346 - 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Eulgem, V. J. Weigman, H.-S. Chang, J. M. McDowell, E. B. Holub, J. Glazebrook, T. Zhu, and J. L. Dangl Gene Expression Signatures from Three Genetically Separable Resistance Gene Signaling Pathways for Downy Mildew Resistance Plant Physiology, June 1, 2004; 135(2): 1129 - 1144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Nandi, R. Welti, and J. Shah The Arabidopsis thaliana Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Reductase Gene SUPPRESSOR OF FATTY ACID DESATURASE DEFICIENCY1 Is Required for Glycerolipid Metabolism and for the Activation of Systemic Acquired Resistance PLANT CELL, February 1, 2004; 16(2): 465 - 477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Song, H. Lu, and J. T. Greenberg Divergent Roles in Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Defense of Two Homologous Genes, ABERRANT GROWTH AND DEATH2 and AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1, Encoding Novel Aminotransferases PLANT CELL, February 1, 2004; 16(2): 353 - 366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Kumar and D. F. Klessig High-affinity salicylic acid-binding protein 2 is required for plant innate immunity and has salicylic acid-stimulated lipase activity PNAS, December 23, 2003; 100(26): 16101 - 16106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Zhang, M. J. Tessaro, M. Lassner, and X. Li Knockout Analysis of Arabidopsis Transcription Factors TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6 Reveals Their Redundant and Essential Roles in Systemic Acquired Resistance PLANT CELL, November 1, 2003; 15(11): 2647 - 2653. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Zhang, S. Goritschnig, X. Dong, and X. Li A Gain-of-Function Mutation in a Plant Disease Resistance Gene Leads to Constitutive Activation of Downstream Signal Transduction Pathways in suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 PLANT CELL, November 1, 2003; 15(11): 2636 - 2646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. O'Donnell, E. Schmelz, A. Block, O. Miersch, C. Wasternack, J. B. Jones, and H. J. Klee Multiple Hormones Act Sequentially to Mediate a Susceptible Tomato Pathogen Defense Response Plant Physiology, November 1, 2003; 133(3): 1181 - 1189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Nandi, K. Krothapalli, C. M. Buseman, M. Li, R. Welti, A. Enyedi, and J. Shah Arabidopsis sfd Mutants Affect Plastidic Lipid Composition and Suppress Dwarfing, Cell Death, and the Enhanced Disease Resistance Phenotypes Resulting from the Deficiency of a Fatty Acid Desaturase PLANT CELL, October 1, 2003; 15(10): 2383 - 2398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]