Genetics, Vol 142, 1349-1355, Copyright © 1996

INVESTIGATIONS

Dosage Effects on Gene Expression in a Maize Ploidy Series

M. Guo, D. Davis and J. A. Birchler
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211

Previous studies on gene expression in aneuploids revealed numerous trans-acting dosage effects. Segmental aneuploidy of each varied chromosomal region exhibited predominantly inverse effects on several target genes. Here, dosage regulation was examined in a maize (Zea mays L.) ploidy series where the complete genomic complement is varied. Total RNA from leaf tissue of monoploid, diploid, triploid, and tetraploid plants (1X, 2X, 3X, and 4X, respectively) was analyzed for the expression of 18 genes. For most tested genes, the transcript level per cell is directly proportional to structural gene dosage; that is, on a per genome basis, there is approximately equal expression among the four ploidies. Exceptional cases show a negative correlation of expression with ploidy or a positive correlation greater than expected from the structural gene dosage. These studies suggest that, in general, as structural gene dosage increases in multiples of the monoploid complement, the absolute level of gene expression per cell increases. In contrast, addition or subtraction of only a single chromosome arm tends to alter gene expression patterns extensively. The combined results of the euploid and aneuploid studies suggest that aneuploid effects result from an altered stoichiometry of the factors contributing to the mechanisms of gene expression.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. T. Gaeta, J. C. Pires, F. Iniguez-Luy, E. Leon, and T. C. Osborn Genomic Changes in Resynthesized Brassica napus and Their Effect on Gene Expression and Phenotype PLANT CELL, November 1, 2007; 19(11): 3403 - 3417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Stupar, P. B. Bhaskar, B. S. Yandell, W. A. Rensink, A. L. Hart, S. Ouyang, R. E. Veilleux, J. S. Busse, R. J. Erhardt, C. R. Buell, et al. Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Changes Associated With Potato Autopolyploidization Genetics, August 1, 2007; 176(4): 2055 - 2067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. R. Bhat, A. Lukaszewski, X. Cui, J. Xu, J. T. Svensson, S. Wanamaker, J. G. Waines, and T. J. Close Mapping translocation breakpoints using a wheat microarray Nucleic Acids Res., May 14, 2007; 35(9): 2936 - 2943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. D. Nicolas, G. L. Mignon, F. Eber, O. Coriton, H. Monod, V. Clouet, V. Huteau, A. Lostanlen, R. Delourme, B. Chalhoub, et al. Homeologous Recombination Plays a Major Role in Chromosome Rearrangements That Occur During Meiosis of Brassica napus Haploids Genetics, February 1, 2007; 175(2): 487 - 503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Birchler and R. A. Veitia The Gene Balance Hypothesis: From Classical Genetics to Modern Genomics PLANT CELL, February 1, 2007; 19(2): 395 - 402. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Udall and J. F. Wendel Polyploidy and Crop Improvement Crop Sci., November 1, 2006; 46(Supplement_1): S-3 - S-14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Wang, L. Tian, H.-S. Lee, N. E. Wei, H. Jiang, B. Watson, A. Madlung, T. C. Osborn, R. W. Doerge, L. Comai, et al. Genomewide Nonadditive Gene Regulation in Arabidopsis Allotetraploids Genetics, January 1, 2006; 172(1): 507 - 517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. N. Lukens, J. C. Pires, E. Leon, R. Vogelzang, L. Oslach, and T. Osborn Patterns of Sequence Loss and Cytosine Methylation within a Population of Newly Resynthesized Brassica napus Allopolyploids Plant Physiology, January 1, 2006; 140(1): 336 - 348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Castillo, J.-A. Fernandez, and L. Gomez-Gomez Implications of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes in Apocarotenoid Formation during the Stigma Development of Crocus sativus and Its Closer Relatives Plant Physiology, October 1, 2005; 139(2): 674 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. Veitia Paralogs in Polyploids: One for All and All for One? PLANT CELL, January 1, 2005; 17(1): 4 - 11. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Auger, A. D. Gray, T. S. Ream, A. Kato, E. H. Coe Jr., and J. A. Birchler Nonadditive Gene Expression in Diploid and Triploid Hybrids of Maize Genetics, January 1, 2005; 169(1): 389 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Adams, R. Percifield, and J. F. Wendel Organ-Specific Silencing of Duplicated Genes in a Newly Synthesized Cotton Allotetraploid Genetics, December 1, 2004; 168(4): 2217 - 2226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. Andalis, Z. Storchova, C. Styles, T. Galitski, D. Pellman, and G. R. Fink Defects Arising From Whole-Genome Duplications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetics, July 1, 2004; 167(3): 1109 - 1121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. Levy and M. Feldman The Impact of Polyploidy on Grass Genome Evolution Plant Physiology, December 1, 2002; 130(4): 1587 - 1593. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Schranz, P. Quijada, S.-B. Sung, L. Lukens, R. Amasino, and T. C. Osborn Characterization and Effects of the Replicated Flowering Time Gene FLC in Brassica rapa Genetics, November 1, 2002; 162(3): 1457 - 1468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Kashkush, M. Feldman, and A. A. Levy Gene Loss, Silencing and Activation in a Newly Synthesized Wheat Allotetraploid Genetics, April 1, 2002; 160(4): 1651 - 1659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Malaga-Trillo and A. Meyer Genome Duplications and Accelerated Evolution of Hox Genes and Cluster Architecture in Teleost Fishes Integr. Comp. Biol., June 1, 2001; 41(3): 676 - 686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Comai, A. P. Tyagi, K. Winter, R. Holmes-Davis, S. H. Reynolds, Y. Stevens, and B. Byers Phenotypic Instability and Rapid Gene Silencing in Newly Formed Arabidopsis Allotetraploids PLANT CELL, September 1, 2000; 12(9): 1551 - 1568. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Zhang and T. Peterson Genome Rearrangements by Nonlinear Transposons in Maize Genetics, November 1, 1999; 153(3): 1403 - 1410. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. Galitski, A. J. Saldanha, C. A. Styles, E. S. Lander, and G. R. Fink Ploidy Regulation of Gene Expression Science, July 9, 1999; 285(5425): 251 - 254. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. Ozias-Akins, D. Roche, and W. W. Hanna Tight clustering and hemizygosity of apomixis-linked molecular markers in Pennisetum squamulatum implies genetic control of apospory by a divergent locus that may have no allelic form in sexual genotypes PNAS, April 28, 1998; 95(9): 5127 - 5132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]