The Pattern of Neutral Molecular Variation Under the Background Selection Model

INVESTIGATIONS

The Pattern of Neutral Molecular Variation Under the Background Selection Model

D. Charlesworth, B. Charlesworth and M. T. Morgan
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1573

Stochastic simulations of the infinite sites model were used to study the behavior of genetic diversity at a neutral locus in a genomic region without recombination, but subject to selection against deleterious alleles maintained by recurrent mutation (background selection). In large populations, the effect of background selection on the number of segregating sites approaches the effct on nucleotide site diversity, i.e., the reduction in genetic variability caused by background selection resembles that caused by a simple reduction in effective population size. We examined, by coalescence-based methods, the power of several tests for the departure from neutral expectation of the frequency spectra of alleles in samples from randomly mating populations (TAJIMA's, FU and LI's, and WATTERSON's tests). All of the tests have low power unless the selection against mutant alleles is extremely weak. In Drosophila, significant TAJIMA's tests are usually not obtained with empirical data sets from loci in genomic regions with restricted recombination frequencies and that exhibit low genetic diversity. This is consistent with the operation of background selection as opposed to selective sweeps. It remains to be decided whether background selection is sufficient to explain the observed extent of reduction in diversity in regions of restricted recombination.

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				S. Asthana, W. S. Noble, G. Kryukov, C. E. Grant, S. Sunyaev, and J. A. Stamatoyannopoulos Widely distributed noncoding purifying selection in the human genome PNAS, July 24, 2007; 104(30): 12410 - 12415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Zeng, S. Mano, S. Shi, and C.-I Wu Comparisons of Site- and Haplotype-Frequency Methods for Detecting Positive Selection Mol. Biol. Evol., July 1, 2007; 24(7): 1562 - 1574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				L. Loewe and B. Charlesworth Background Selection in Single Genes May Explain Patterns of Codon Bias Genetics, March 1, 2007; 175(3): 1381 - 1393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Bachtrog and P. Andolfatto Selection, Recombination and Demographic History in Drosophila miranda Genetics, December 1, 2006; 174(4): 2045 - 2059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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