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Genetics, Vol 141, 1425-1438, Copyright © 1995
INVESTIGATIONS |
S Elements: A Family of Tc1-Like Transposons in the Genome of Drosophila melanogaster
P. J. Merriman, C. D. Grimes, J. Ambroziak, D. A. Hackett, P. Skinner and M. J. Simmons
Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, BioScience Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-1095
The S elements form a diverse family of long-inverted-repeat transposons within the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. These elements vary in size and sequence, the longest consisting of 1736 bp with 234-bp inverted terminal repeats. The longest open reading frame in an intact S element could encode a 345-amino acid polypeptide. This polypeptide is homologous to the transposases of the mariner-Tc1 superfamily of transposable elements. S elements are ubiquitous in D. melanogaster populations and also appear to be present in the genomes of two sibling species; however, they seem to be absent from 17 other Drosophila species that were examined. Within D. melanogaster strains, there are, on average, 37.4 cytologically detectable S elements per diploid genome. These elements are scattered throughout the chromosomes, but several sites in both the euchromatin and {beta} heterochromatin are consistently occupied. The discovery of an S-element-insertion mutation and a reversion of this mutation indicates that S elements are at least occasionally mobile in the D. melanogaster genome. These elements seem to insert at an AT dinucleotide within a short palindrome and apparently duplicate that dinucleotide upon insertion.
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