Genetic Analysis of Ethylene Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana: Five Novel Mutant Loci Integrated into a Stress Response Pathway

INVESTIGATIONS

Genetic Analysis of Ethylene Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana: Five Novel Mutant Loci Integrated into a Stress Response Pathway

G. Roman, B. Lubarsky, J. J. Kieber, M. Rothenberg and J. R. Ecker
Plant Science Institute, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6018

The response of Arabidopsis thaliana etiolated seedlings to the plant hormone ethylene is a conspicuous phenotype known as the triple response. We have identified genes that are required for ethylene perception and response by isolating mutants that fail to display a triple response in the presence of exogenous ethylene. Five new complementation groups have been identified. Four of these loci, designated ein4, ein5, ein6 and ein7, are insensitive to ethylene. The fifth complementation group, eir1, is defined by a novel class of mutants that have agravitropic and ethylene-insensitive roots. Double-mutant phenotypes have allowed the positioning of these loci in a genetic pathway for ethylene signal transduction. The ethylene-response pathway is defined by the following loci: ETR1, EIN4, CTR1, EIN2, EIN3, EIN5, EIN6, EIN7, EIR1, AUX1 and HLS1. ctr1-1 is epistatic to etr1-3 and ein4, indicating that CTR1 acts after both ETR1 and EIN4 in the ethylene-response pathway. Mutations at the EIN2, EIN3, EIN5, EIN6 and EIN7 loci are all epistatic to the ctr1 seedling phenotype. The EIR1 and AUX1 loci define a root-specific ethylene response that does not require EIN3 or EIN5 gene activity. HLS1 appears to be required for differential cell growth in the apical hook. The EIR1, AUX1 and HLS1 genes may function in the interactions between ethylene and other plant hormones that occur late in the signaling pathway of this simple gas.

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				C. Hernandez-Blanco, D. X. Feng, J. Hu, A. Sanchez-Vallet, L. Deslandes, F. Llorente, M. Berrocal-Lobo, H. Keller, X. Barlet, C. Sanchez-Rodriguez, et al. Impairment of Cellulose Synthases Required for Arabidopsis Secondary Cell Wall Formation Enhances Disease Resistance PLANT CELL, March 1, 2007; 19(3): 890 - 903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				B. M. Binder, R. C. O'Malley, W. Wang, T. C. Zutz, and A. B. Bleecker Ethylene Stimulates Nutations That Are Dependent on the ETR1 Receptor Plant Physiology, December 1, 2006; 142(4): 1690 - 1700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				A. De Paepe, L. De Grauwe, S. Bertrand, J. Smalle, and D. Van Der Straeten The Arabidopsis mutant eer2 has enhanced ethylene responses in the light J. Exp. Bot., September 1, 2005; 56(419): 2409 - 2420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Nacry, G. Canivenc, B. Muller, A. Azmi, H. Van Onckelen, M. Rossignol, and P. Doumas A Role for Auxin Redistribution in the Responses of the Root System Architecture to Phosphate Starvation in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, August 1, 2005; 138(4): 2061 - 2074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-F. CHEN, N. ETHERIDGE, and G. E. SCHALLER Ethylene Signal Transduction Ann. Bot., May 1, 2005; 95(6): 901 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. S. Barry, R. P. McQuinn, A. J. Thompson, G. B. Seymour, D. Grierson, and J. J. Giovannoni Ethylene Insensitivity Conferred by the Green-ripe and Never-ripe 2 Ripening Mutants of Tomato Plant Physiology, May 1, 2005; 138(1): 267 - 275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Swarup, J. Kargul, A. Marchant, D. Zadik, A. Rahman, R. Mills, A. Yemm, S. May, L. Williams, P. Millner, et al. Structure-Function Analysis of the Presumptive Arabidopsis Auxin Permease AUX1 PLANT CELL, November 1, 2004; 16(11): 3069 - 3083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H.-P. Dong, J. Peng, Z. Bao, X. Meng, J. M. Bonasera, G. Chen, S. V. Beer, and H. Dong Downstream Divergence of the Ethylene Signaling Pathway for Harpin-Stimulated Arabidopsis Growth and Insect Defense Plant Physiology, November 1, 2004; 136(3): 3628 - 3638. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. C. Thain, F. Vandenbussche, L. J.J. Laarhoven, M. J. Dowson-Day, Z.-Y. Wang, E. M. Tobin, F. J.M. Harren, A. J. Millar, and D. Van Der Straeten Circadian Rhythms of Ethylene Emission in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, November 1, 2004; 136(3): 3751 - 3761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Shibuya, K. G. Barry, J. A. Ciardi, H. M. Loucas, B. A. Underwood, S. Nourizadeh, J. R. Ecker, H. J. Klee, and D. G. Clark The Central Role of PhEIN2 in Ethylene Responses throughout Plant Development in Petunia Plant Physiology, October 1, 2004; 136(2): 2900 - 2912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. LeClere, R. A. Rampey, and B. Bartel IAR4, a Gene Required for Auxin Conjugate Sensitivity in Arabidopsis, Encodes a Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1{alpha} Homolog Plant Physiology, June 1, 2004; 135(2): 989 - 999. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.-H. Jun, M.-J. Han, S. Lee, Y. S. Seo, W. T. Kim, and G. An OsEIN2 is a Positive Component in Ethylene Signaling in Rice Plant Cell Physiol., March 15, 2004; 45(3): 281 - 289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]