Identification of Genetic Factors Contributing to Heterosis in a Hybrid From Two Elite Maize Inbred Lines Using Molecular Markers

INVESTIGATIONS

Identification of Genetic Factors Contributing to Heterosis in a Hybrid From Two Elite Maize Inbred Lines Using Molecular Markers

C. W. Stuber, S. E. Lincoln, D. W. Wolff, T. Helentjaris and E. S. Lander
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7614, Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7614 To whom reprint requests should be sent.

The use of molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting agriculturally important traits has become a key approach in plant genetics-both for understanding the genetic basis of these traits and to help design novel plant improvement programs. In the study reported here, we mapped QTLs (and evaluated their phenotypic effects) associated with seven major traits (including grain yield) in a cross between two widely used elite maize inbred lines, B73 and Mo17, in order to explore two important phenomena in maize genetics-heterosis (hybrid vigor) and genotype-by-environment (G X E) interaction. We also compared two analytical approaches for identifying QTLs, the traditional single-marker method and the more recently described interval-mapping method. Phenotypic evaluations were made on 3168 plots (nearly 100,000 plants) grown in three states. Using 76 markers that represented 90-95% of the maize genome, both analytical methods showed virtually the same results in detecting QTLs affecting grain yield throughout the genome, except on chromosome 6. Fewer QTLs were detected for other quantitative traits measured. Whenever a QTL for grain yield was detected, the heterozygote had a higher phenotype than the respective homozygote (with only one exception) suggesting not only overdominance (or pseudo-overdominance) but also that these detected QTLs play a significant role in heterosis. This conclusion was reinforced by a high correlation between grain yield and proportion of heterozygous markers. Although plant materials were grown and measured in six diverse environments (North Carolina, Iowa and Illinois) there was little evidence for G X E interaction for most QTLs.

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				A. You, X. Lu, H. Jin, X. Ren, K. Liu, G. Yang, H. Yang, L. Zhu, and G. He Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Across Recombinant Inbred Lines and Testcross Populations for Traits of Agronomic Importance in Rice Genetics, February 1, 2006; 172(2): 1287 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				A. J. Leon, F. H. Andrade, and M. Lee Genetic Analysis of Seed-Oil Concentration across Generations and Environments in Sunflower Crop Sci., January 1, 2003; 43(1): 135 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				A. Bouchez, F. Hospital, M. Causse, A. Gallais, and A. Charcosset Marker-Assisted Introgression of Favorable Alleles at Quantitative Trait Loci Between Maize Elite Lines Genetics, December 1, 2002; 162(4): 1945 - 1959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]