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POLYANDRY IN HONEY BEES (APIS MELLIFERA L.): SPERM UTILIZATION AND INTRACOLONY GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS
Harry H. Laidlaw Jr. 1 and Robert E. Page Jr. 2
1 Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis,
California 95616
2 United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, North Central States Bee Research Unit, Department of Entomology,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Sperm usage by queen honey bees was examined by progeny analyses using six phenotypically distinct genetic markers. No evidence was found for sperm displacement or precedence. All queens used the sperm of all males that inseminated them during all sampling periods. Sperm usage, as measured by phenotypic frequencies, did fluctuate nonrandomly but did not result in abnormally high representation of a single phenotype or the elimination of other phenotypes as has often been suggested. The genetic relationships of workers within honey bee colonies are estimated from the data presented. Average genetic relatedness is shown to be low among colony nestmates and probably approaches 0.25 in colonies with naturally mated queens. There is no evidence for elevated relatedness among colony subfamilies due to nonrandom fluctuations in sperm usage by queens or for numerical dominance of any subfamilies.
Submitted on February 8, 1984Accepted on August 11, 1984
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